Cassell's History of England, Vol. 4 (of 8) / From the Fall of Marlborough to the Peninsular War - Anonymous

INDEX.

Abercromby, General, Death of, [483].
Acre, St. Jean d', Siege of, [471].
Addington, Prime Minister, [479];
Pitt's opposition to, [494];
resigns, [495];
becomes Viscount Sidmouth, [500].
Addison, Joseph, [15], [38];
as a writer, [148].
Additional Force Bill, [496];
repealed, [518].
Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, [114].
Albemarle, Earl of, [47].
Alexandria, Battle of, [483].
Algiers, Dey of, Strange treaty with, [444].
Alien Bill, The, [411].
"All the Talents" ministry, [516], [531].
America, War with the colonies in:
Washington commands American forces, [218];
Bunker's Hill, [219];
condition of the American Army, [222], [230], [231], [235], [247];
Boston surrenders to Washington, [222], [223];
attack on Charleston, [224], [225];
Washington retreats from Long Island, [230];
Cornwallis in pursuit, [230], [231];
supineness of British generals, desperate state of Washington, his victory at Trenton, [235];
battle of the Brandywine, Washington defeated at Germantown, his camp at Valley Forge, [238];
Burgoyne defeats St. Clair, [240];
battle of Bemus's Heights, [242];
Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga, [244];
conditions of surrender violated, [248];
failure of Lafayette's expedition to Canada, [255];
capture of Charleston, [273];
the war in Carolina, [274], [275];
French succours, [275];
Arnold's treachery, [276];
execution of Major André, [278];
Tarleton's defeat in North Carolina, Cornwallis defeats Greene at Guildford, [280];
surrender of Cornwallis at York Town, [283];
British nation tired of the war, [286], [287];
overtures for peace, [291], [296];
peace signed, [297], [298];
Independence of United States acknowledged, [298].
American colonies, condition and trade, [183];
taxation, [184];
congress at New York to consider Stamp Act, [185];
riots in Boston, [187], [200], [201];
Massachusetts' petition, [194], [195];
dismissed, [211];
tea duties, [201], [202], [208];
destruction of tea at Boston, [210];
"minute men" enrolled, [214];
preparing for war, [217];
declaration of Independence, [226], [227];
articles of Confederation, Franklin's success in Paris, [232];
financial difficulties, [236];
France aids with a fleet, [256].
See America, War with.
American incendiaries in England, [233].
Amiens, Treaty of, [485].
André, Major, [277];
execution of, [278].
Anne, Queen, her liking for the Pretender, [8], [10], [16], [19];
treaty of Utrecht, [10];
dislikes Electress Sophia and her son, [12], [16];
proposed visit of Elector of Hanover and Pretender to England, [16], [17];
letters to Elector and Electress of Hanover, proclamation against Pretender, [19];
her last council, [29];
death, [23].
Architecture of the 18th century, [157]-[160].
Argyll, Duke of, [29];
at Sheriffmuir, [30];
disperses Pretender's army, [31].
Armed neutrality league, [272].
Army Commissariat, State of, [562].
Army, Commissions in, Traffic in sale of, [571];
Bill to prevent, [572].
Army, Improvement of, Windham's Bills for, [518], [519];
numerical strength, [531].
Army of England at Boulogne, [490], [498].
Arnold, General, expedition to Canada, [220];
his treachery, [276], [277];
ravages American towns, [279].
Arts and Manufactures, Society of, [166].
Aspern, Buonaparte defeated at, [589].
Assaye, Battle of, [491].
Astronomers of [18]th century, [152], [153].
Atterbury's plot, [49],[50];
death, [60].
Austerlitz, Battle of, [506].
Austria participates in first partition of Poland, [207];
campaign against the Turks, [350], [354];
France declares war against, [400];
Austrian successes on the Rhine, [444];
peace with France, [459];
Buonaparte drives from Italy, [506];
prepares for war with France, [586], [587];
defeats Buonaparte at Aspern, [589];
is defeated at Wagram, [590], [591];
treaty of Schönbrunn, [591].
Baird, Sir David, in Spain, [563].
Bastille, Storming of the, [364].
Beckford, Alderman, [178], [200].
Bemus's Heights, Battle of, [242].
Berlin decrees, The, [527], [546], [547].
Bhurtpore, Siege of fortress of, [513], [514].
Black Friday in London, [102].
Bolingbroke, Viscount, dealings with the Pretender, [8], [12], [14], [16], [18], [19];
becomes Prime Minister, [20];
attainted of treason, [27];
pardoned, [50];
estates restored, [52];
retires to France, [65];
as writer, [148].
Boroughs, Rotten, purchase of, [192];
motions in Parliament for reform of, [391].
Boston Riots, [187], [200];
Boston Port Act, [211].
Boulogne, Army of England at, [490], [498];
attempt on French fleet at, [496].
Braddock, General, in America, [119].
Brandywine, Battle of the, [238].
Bread Riots, [191], [478].
Brest fleet, [458];
attempt to destroy, [584].
Breton, Cape, ceded to Britain, [174].
Bribery and corruption in Parliament, under Walpole, [62];
under Pelham, [112].
British Museum founded, [116].
Brittany, Rising of Royalists in, [445]-[447].
Brunswick, Prince Ferdinand of, [131];
success at Minden, [138];
defeat at Cassel, [170].
Buenos Ayres, Whitelocke's fiasco, [522], [535].
Bunker's Hill, Battle of, [219].
Buonaparte, Jerome, [546].
Buonaparte, Joseph, King of Naples, [524];
of Spain, [553], [554].
Buonaparte, Louis, King of Holland, [524].
Buonaparte, Lucien, [553].
Buonaparte, Napoleon, [422];
at Toulon, [423];
suppresses insurrection in Paris, [448];
in Italy [450], [453];
against Austria, [451], [453];
at Arcole, [454];
contemplates invading England, [464];
defeats Mamelukes at Cairo, [467];
captures Joppa, defeats Turks at Alexandria, [471];
becomes first consul, [472];
Marengo, [476];
defeats Austrians in Italy, [477];
president of Cisalpine Republic, [484];
his plans of conquest, [485];
attitude towards Britain, [485], [487];
seizes Hanover, [489];
the army of England, [490], [498];
the Georges conspiracy, [496]-[7];
kidnaps Duke d'Enghien, [498];
coronation, [499];
invades Germany, [504];
Austrians capitulate at Ulm, [505];
cedes Hanover to Prussia, [507];
alleged plan to assassinate, [516];
provides thrones for brothers, sisters, and generals, [524];
Auerstadt and Jena, [526];
the Berlin decrees, [527];
attempts to dupe Kosciusko, [529];
in collision with the Russians, [530];
intrigues with Turkey, [536];
designs on Danish fleet, [539];
continental campaign, [542]-[545];
repulse at Eylau, [543];
treaty of Tilsit, spoliation of Prussia, [544], [545];
designs on Spain and Portugal, excludes British trade from the Continent, [546], [547];
subjugates Portugal, [547], [548];
Italy, Papal territories, [549];
Spain, [550];
prepares for a new campaign in Spain, [565];
plottings against, in Germany, [565], [566];
proposes to divorce Josephine, [566];
captures Madrid, [567];
projects with regard to Spain, [573];
war with Austria, [587];
captures Vienna, [588];
defeated at Aspern, [589];
defeats Austria at Wagram, [590], [591];
treaty of Schönbrunn, [590];
crushes Tyrolese rebellion, [591], [593];
betrays the Poles, [593];
and the Italians, deposes Pope Pius VII., [594];
anxiety concerning Spain, [600].
Burdett, Sir Francis, Motion for Parliamentary reform, [572];
on reporting parliamentary proceedings, [595];
riots in Piccadilly, [596], [597];
is committed to the Tower, [597];
release of, [599].
Burgoyne at Ticonderoga, [240];
Bemus's Heights, [242];
surrenders, [244].
Burke, Edmund, [188];
defends East India Company, [207];
on the American colonies, [215];
relief of Ireland, [252];
economic reforms, [262], [264];
impeachment of Hastings, [338], [342];
on the slave trade, [340];
on Regency Bill, [345]-[6];
denounces French Revolution, [370], [371];
breach with Fox, [379];
on French Revolution, [410];
supports Alien Bill, [411], and French war, [412], [426];
replies to Fox, [417].
Busaco, Battle of, [604].
Bute, Lord, [168], [169];
Prime Minister, [171];
his unpopularity, [178];
resigns, [179].
Byng, Admiral Sir George, destroys Spanish fleet, [41];
Admiral John at Minorca, [122];
tried, [124];
shot, [126].
Byron, Admiral, [257], [260].
Cairo, Capture of, [467];
massacre at, [468].
Calabria, Defence of, by Sir John Stuart, [520];
battle of Maida, [521].
Camperdown, Battle of, [458].
Canada, British expedition against, [132];
storming of Quebec, [134], [135];
ceded to Britain, [174];
American expeditions against, [220], [255];
divided into two provinces (Canada Bill), [378].
Canning, [440];
duel with Castlereagh, [594];
Foreign Secretary, [534];
resigns, [583].
Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town captured, [445];
Dutch attempt to recover, [451];
expedition to, [521].
Caroline Matilda, Princess, [206].
Caroline, Princess of Brunswick, [442].
Caroline, Queen, character, [57], [58];
illness and death, [68].
Carthagena, Vernon's failure at, [75].
Castlereagh, Lord, [474], [503], [534], [572];
quarrel and duel with Canning, [594].
Catalonia, its defence by O'Donnell, [602].
Catholic emancipation, [478], [479].
Catholic Relief Bill produces riots in Scotland, [254].
Catholics, Measures for relief of, [532], [533];
fresh restrictions on, [535].
Charles XII. of Sweden, [34];
threatens to support Pretender, [36];
death, [42].
Charlotte, Queen of George III., character of, [169].
Chatham, Earl of, forms great Northern Alliance, [190];
speech on Wilkes and the American war, [198];
on influence of favourites, [199];
condemns treatment of American colonies, [214];
his Bill of Pacification, [214], [215];
protest against American war, [234], [246], [249];
his last speech, [251];
death, [252].
China, Lord Macartney's mission to, [395].
Church, The, after the Revolution of [168]8, [141].
Cider tax, [178].
Cintra, Convention of, [561].
Cisalpine republic, Buonaparte president of, [484].
Clarkson, Thomas, and slave trade, [380].
Clinton, Sir Henry, at Rhode Island, [232];
commands forces in America, [250];
captures Charleston, [273].
Clive, Lord, his exploits in India, [128], [129], [176], [316];
his policy, [318];
reforms, [319];
death of, [323].
Cochrane, Lord, his naval deeds, [523].
Coimbra, Wellington's retreat from, [604], [605].
Collingwood, Lord, blockades French and Spanish fleets, [510];
his last exploit, death of, [584].
Colonies, British, Buonaparte's expedition of inquiry to, [485].
Colonies, Growth of English, in 18th century, [164], [165].
Commerce, British, Buonaparte's embargo on, [528].
Commerce, State of, in 18th century, [164].
Commercial crisis in England, [416], [417].
Commercial distress in Ireland, [311], [312].
Comprehension Bill, [142].
Coote, Sir Eyre, his exploits in India, [136], [178], [330], [331].
Copenhagen, Bombardment of, [480], [481];
destruction of Danish fleet at, [539]-[542].
Copper manufactures, [167].
Cornwallis, Lord, in pursuit of Washington, [231], [232], [236];
enters Philadelphia, [238];
arrives at York Town, [280];
surrounded by American forces, [281], [282];
Siege of York Town, [282];
surrender, [283];
ends war in India, [394];
Governor-General of India, death of, [514].
Corresponding Society, [391], [394], [439].
Corruption in the spending departments of Government, [531];
and peculation in the army and navy, [571], [572], [577], [578].
Crown influence, Dunning's motion on, [264].
Culloden, Battle of, [106], [107].
Cumberland, Duke of, operations against Young Pretender, [99], [104];
Battle of Culloden, [106], [107];
licentious life, [205].
Curaçoa, Capture of, by British, [539].
Dardanelles, Expedition to fails, [537], [538].
Declaration of Rights, [226].
Declaratory Act, [189].
Dettingen, Battle of, [84].
Domingo, St., Negro insurrection in, [375];
massacre of French Royalists in, [431].
Dominica, Capture of, by British, [170];
retaken by the French, [258].
Dramatists of 18th century, [151], [152].
Duckworth, Sir John, naval engagement off St. Domingo, [522];
at Constantinople, [537], [538].
Duncan, Admiral, at Camperdown, [458].
East India Company's affairs in Parliament, [207], [302]-[304];
charter renewed, [416].
Economic reforms, Agitation for, [262]-[264], [290], [291].
Egypt, Departure of French fleet for, [465];
capture of Alexandria, [466];
capitulation of French in, [483];
fruitless British expedition to, [538].
Elliot, General, defends Gibraltar, [294].
Emmett, Robert, rebellion, execution, [490].
Enghien, Duke d', murder of, [498].
Erskine on Catholic emancipation, [534].
Eugene, Prince, [2], [6], [13].
Excise duties, [62], [63], [315].
Falkland Islands, [202], [203].
Family compact, The, [171].
Finisterre, Cape, naval battle off, [509].
Fitzgerald, Lord, and the Irish Rebellion, [460], [462];
arrest and death of, [463].
Fitzherbert, Mrs., [338], [346], [441].
Flanders, Campaign in, [90], [111], [112];
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, [114].
Fleet marriages, [115].
Flood's agitation, [290], [371].
Fontainebleau, Peace of, [175];
treaty of, [547].
Fontenoy, Battle of, [90], [91].
Fortification of Plymouth and Portsmouth, Bill for, [314].
'Forty-five, The Rebellion of, [92];
end of rebellion, [107];
trials of the rebels, [109].
Fox, Charles James, censures on American war, [222];
attacks Lord North's ministry, [261], [286];
Secretary of State, [288];
coalition with Lord North, [299];
his India Bill, [302];
Westminster election, [308];
as friend of Prince of Wales, [336];
impeachment of Hastings, [336]-[342];
the Regency, [344];
applauds the French Revolution, [370], [410];
breach with Burke, [379], [380];
bills on law of libel, [382];
relief of Nonconformists, [392], [393];
condemns French war, [412];
his efforts for peace, [415], [417];
scheme for Buonaparte's assassination confided to, [516];
death, [530].
Fox, Henry, [119], [120].
France threatens Hanover, [74];
defeated at Dettingen, [84];
declares war against England, [87];
disasters in Italy, [112];
disputes with England about Nova Scotia, [114]-[119], [127];
captures Minorca, [122];
favours rebellion of American colonies, [232], [236];
treaty with America, [250];
declares war against England, [255];
sends a fleet to aid Americans, [256];
attempt to invade England, [260];
peace signed, [299];
commercial treaty with, [315];
at war with Austria, [400].
See Buonaparte, and French Revolution.
Francis, Philip, his intrigues against Hastings, [326];
denounces the war against Tippoo Sahib, [376].
Franking, Privilege of limited, [308].
Franklin, Benjamin, [184];
purloins Whately's letters, [208], [210], [211];
successful negotiations in Paris, [232];
conducts peace negotiations with Britain, [296]-[298].
Frederick, Prince of Wales, marriage of, [67];
birth of his son, afterwards George III., [68];
death of, [115].
Frederick the Great, schemes of conquest, [73];
continental confederation against, the seven years' war, [124], [176];
Battle of Rosbach, [128];
alliance with Russia, [172].
Freedom of Press, Attempt to crush, [426].
Friends of the People, Society of, [391], [393].
French fleet at Boulogne, Attempt on, [496].
French possessions in North America, capture of, [134]-[136], [138], [139].
French Revolution, The, [356], [360];
storming of the Bastille, [364];
famine and bankruptcy, [366];
decrees against emigrants, [387];
war against Austria, [400];
insurrection in Paris, [402];
massacre of Swiss guards, [403];
establishment of Republic, [404];
abolition of royalty, [408];
Louis tried and condemned to death, [409], [410];
war with Britain and Holland, [412], [418], [421];
reign of terror, [423];
sanguinary horrors, [436];
insurrection in Paris suppressed by Buonaparte, [448];
Directory's campaign against Austria, defeats in Germany, [451].
See Louis XVI. and Buonaparte.
French troops in Ireland, [463], [464];
in Wales, [458].
Gage, General, in America, [211], [212].
Gale, Jones, and freedom of the Press, [595].
Gates, General, captures Burgoyne's army, [242], [244];
intrigues against Washington, [248], [255].
George I., Accession of, [24];
arrives in England, coronation, first parliament, [26];
seeks new continental alliances, [34];
disputes with Sweden and Russia, [34], [35];
triple alliance between England, France, and Holland, [36];
new Jacobite conspiracy, [36];
complications with foreign powers, [53];
death, [57].
George II., Accession of, character of, [57];
feud between and his son, [67];
the Commons and the defence of Hanover, [76];
Parliament and the Spanish war, [78];
Walpole's farewell interview with, [79];
resists inquiry into Walpole's administration, [81];
Parliament and payment of Hanoverian troops, [82];
at the Battle of Dettingen, [84];
prepares to meet Young Pretender, [99];
end of the 'Forty-five, [107];
treaty with Spain, [114];
flourishing state of commerce, [114], [115];
death of Frederick, Prince of Wales, [115];
subsidies for defence of Hanover, [119], [124], [128];
brings Hanoverian troops to England, [120];
fresh continental alliances, [123];
death of, [140].
George III., Accession of, [168];
marriage, coronation, [169];
illness, [185];
Regency Bill, [186];
prosecution of American war, [233];
his dislike of Chatham, [250], [251];
No Popery rioters, [270];
end of Lord North's ministry, [287];
extravagance of Prince of Wales, [301], [337], [338];
letter to Lord Temple on India Bills, dismisses Coalition ministry, [303];
attack of insanity, [343];
debate on appointment of Regent, [343]-[347];
recovery, [348];
national thanksgiving, [348], [349];
his opinion of French Revolution, [371];
debate on foreign affairs, [388]-[390];
marriage of Duke of York, allowance to Prince of Wales, [390];
France declares war, [412];
war spirit in England, [415];
French proposals for peace, [416];
successes against the French in the East and West Indies, [422];
subsidising continental powers, [426];
mismanagement of the war, [432];
reforms in the army, profligacy of the King's sons, [441];
disasters to the troops in Holland, [443];
the King shot at, [448];
measures for relief of Catholics in Ireland, [461];
alliance with Russia against France, [468];
receives letters from Buonaparte, [474], [499];
union of Great Britain and Ireland, [474], [476];
Pitt's proposals for Catholic emancipation, [478];
illness and recovery, Addington Prime Minister, [479];
negotiations for Pitt's return to power, war declared against France and Holland, [488];
Buonaparte seizes Hanover, [489];
rebellion in Ireland, [490];
the King's illness, weakness of Addington's ministry, Pitt offers to form an administration, the defence of the kingdom, [494];
Addington resigns, [495];
Additional Force Bill, war with Spain, [496];
"All the talents" ministry, [516], [531];
negotiations for peace with France, [518];
abolition of slave trade, [532];
opposes Catholic relief measures, Grenville ministry dismissed, [533];
Duke of Portland's cabinet, [534];
Irish Coercion Bills, [535];
the Czar and Buonaparte
propose peace, [566];
Burdett riots, [596]-[598];
petitions for parliamentary reform, [598];
the King's insanity, [607].
Georges conspiracy, The, [496], [497].
Germany, death of Emperor Charles VII., [90];
Prince of Tuscany elected emperor, [91];
Buonaparte invades, [504];
spirit of revolt against Buonaparte in, [589], [590].
Gibraltar, Possession of, confirmed to England, [14];
Spain attempts to capture, [55], [259];
question of cession of, [59];
Rodney relieves, [271];
attack on, [279];
General Elliot's defence of, [294].
Gin Act, The, [66], [83].
Godolphin, Earl of, death and character, [9].
Gordon, Lord George, and Catholic Relief Bill, [254];
riots, [266]-[271].
Grafton, Duke of, [190], [195], [196], [198].
Grattan, motions for legislative independence of Ireland, [288]-[290];
for reform in Irish Parliament, [372], [474], [475].
Granville ministry carries Abolition of Slave Trade, [532];
fails with Catholic Relief Bill, [533];
resignation, [534].
Guadeloupe captured by the British, [607].
Gustavus of Sweden invades Russia, [351], [352];
assassination of, [396].
Habeas Corpus Act suspended, [50], [429].
Hanover, Electoral Prince of, [16], [18].
Hanover, Treaty of, [54];
sums voted for protection of, [119], [124], [128];
seized by Buonaparte, [489];
ceded to Prussia, [507].
Hardy, Admiral, opposes French and Spanish fleets, [259], [260].
Hastings, Warren, [315];
Governor-General of India, [322];
his administration in India, [323];
Rohilla war, [325];
execution of Nuncomar; Lord North determines to remove, [327];
his spirited policy, [328];
war with the Mahrattas, [328], [329];
Cheyte Sing, [334];
the Begums, [334];
recalled to England, popularity, [335];
impeachment, [336], [338];
trial of, [342].
Havana, Capture of, [174].
Hawke, Sir Edward, in Quiberon Bay, [136].
Heligoland, Capture of, by British, [542].
Highland regiments raised, [124].
Hofer, Andrew, governor of the Tyrol, [591];
betrayal and death of, [593].
Hohenlinden, Battle of, [478].
Holland, War declared against, [278];
Britain captures settlements in East and West Indies, [284];
invaded by France, [418];
battles at Neerwinden and Famars, [418], [419];
becomes a Republic under French protection, colonies seized by Britain, [443].
Hood, Lord, at Toulon, [422];
at Corsica, [431].
Hood, Sir Samuel, naval exploits, [523].
Horne Tooke and Prince of Wales, [346];
trial of, [439].
Howe, Admiral, in America, [227], [228];
receives a deputation from Congress, [231];
chases D'Estaing's fleet, [256], [257];
attacks French and Spanish fleets at Gibraltar, [295];
naval victory, "glorious First of June," [430].
Howe, General, at Bunker's Hill, [219];
evacuates Boston, [223];
at Staten Island, [228].
Hyder Ali, [320], [330];
defeated by Sir Eyre Coote, [331];
death of, [332].
Imperial Parliament, The first, [478].
Income tax, The, [468].
Independence, Declaration of American, [226], [227].
India, Dutch defeated in, [177];
fighting with French in the Carnatic, [177], [178];
destruction of French power in, [178];
abuses in, Parliamentary inquiry, [207];
narrative of affairs in, [316];
Bengal, Orissa, and Bahar granted to East India Company, [318];
Clive's reforms, [319];
rise of Hyder Ali, [320];
inquiry into Company's affairs, [322];
famine in Bengal, [322], [323];
Lord North's Regulating Acts, administration of Warren Hastings, [323];
Rohilla war, [325];
Mahratta war, [328], [329];
Sir Eyre Coote defeats Hyder Ali, capture of Dutch possessions, Tippoo Sahib, [331], [332];
death of Hyder Ali, [332];
Hastings recalled to England, [335];
war with Tippoo Sahib, [375];
Lord Cornwallis ends the war, [394], [395];
the Company's charter renewed, [416];
Pondicherry taken from the French, [422];
Mahratta war, [491]-[494];
Sir Arthur Wellesley, battle of Assaye, [491];
successes of General Lake, [491], [513];
Battle of Laswaree, chase of Argaum, [493];
fresh acquisitions of territory, [494];
Lord Lake ends Mahratta war, [513], [515].
See Hastings, Warren.
India Bill, Fox's, [302], [303];
Pitt's, [304].
Indies; East, British empire in, [166].
Ionian Islands, [583].
Ireland, Burke's measures for relief of, [252];
commercial distress in, [259];
Lord North's scheme for relief of, [262];
Grattan's motions for legislative independence of, [288], [290];
Flood's agitation, [290], [371];
Flood's Reform Bill, [310];
Pitt's proposals for relief of commercial distress, [311], [312];
Grattan's motions for Reform, [372];
insurrection in, [463], [464];
union with Great Britain, [468], [474]-[476];
first United Parliament, [478];
rebellion in, execution of Emmett, [490].
Ireland, Woollen manufactures in, [167].
Irish House of Commons, [311];
restrictions on Irish trade, [311], [312];
sympathy with French Revolution, [460];
intrigues with France, [462];
corruption of the Parliament, [461], [475];
Black and Red lists, [475].
Iron, Manufactures of, [167].
Italian music, Taste for in England, [155].
Italy, British expedition to, and successes, [583];
Austria attempts to drive French from, [469];
Buonaparte's annexations in, [486].
James VIII. proclaimed at Edinburgh, [95].
Jena, Battle of, [526].
Jersey, French attempt on, [278].
Jervis, Sir John, at Cape St. Vincent, [458].
Jews, Act for naturalisation of, [115].
Junius, Letters of, [195], [197], [203].
Kempenfeldt, Admiral, captures French merchantmen, [285].
Keppel, Admiral, naval battle off Ushant, [255];
court-martial on, [258].
Kosciusko, defence of Poland, [398];
successes against Russia, [438];
Buonaparte tries to dupe, [529].
Lafayette and French Revolution, [358], [366].
Lake, Lord, in India, [491]-[493];
campaign against the Mahrattas, [513], [515].
La Roche-Jacquelein, [424].
Laswaree, Battle of, [493].
Lexington, Skirmish at, [217].
Libel, Law of, Fox's Bills on, [382].
Literary notabilities of 18th century, [142].
Loans to foreign powers prohibited, [60].
Lorraine, Acquisition of, by France, [66].
Louis XVI. and threatened revolution, [357]-[361];
assembles troops, [362];
dismisses Necker, [363];
revolution in Paris, [363], [364];
receives a deputation from the people, [368];
flight of, [386];
tried, [408];
executed, [410].
Lovat, Lord, [98], [107];
execution, [109].
Lucia, St., Capture of by British, [258].
Lunéville, Treaty of, [478].
Lyons, Bombardment of, [423].
Macclesfield, Earl of, impeachment of, [52].
Macdonald, Flora, [108].
Magistracy Bill, The, [391].
Mahratta war, [491]-[494], [514], [515].
Maida, Battle of, [521].
Malta captured by French, [466];
blockaded by Nelson, [468].
Malt tax in Scotland, [52].
Mansfield, Lord, [82], [117];
his house destroyed by No Popery rioters, [268].
Manufactures of 18th century, [166].
Mar, Earl of, [20];
raises the Highlands for Pretender, [28];
defeat at Sheriffmuir, [30];
attainted of treason, [32];
death of, [60].
Marengo, Battle of, [476], [477].
Maria Theresa of Austria, [73], [74], [81];
British troops and money in aid of, [83].
Marie Antoinette, [359], [366], [369], [388];
beheaded, [424].
Marlborough, Duke of, corresponds with Elector of Hanover and the Pretender, [9], [22];
reception by George I., [26].
Marriages, Clandestine, [115], [116].
Martinique, Capture by British, [174], [430].
Masham, Lady, [14], [24].
Massachusetts' petition, [194], [195];
charter abolished, [211].
Massena in Italy, [444];
in Spain, [602], [603];
defeated by Wellington at Busaco, [604];
reaches Torres Vedras, [606].
Mathematicians of 18th century, [153].
Mauritius captured by the British, [607].
Melville, Lord, [500];
impeachment of, [503].
Mercenaries, German, in American war, [222], [234].
Merchandise, British, confiscated, [527].
Metals, Working in, in 18th century, [167].
Methodists, Rise of, [143].
Metropolis and other towns, growth of, [167].
Milan decree, Buonaparte's, [458].
Militia remodelled, [124].
Minden, Battle of, [138].
Minorca, Capture of, [122], [284], [285], [465].
"Minute Men," The, enrolled, [211].
Mirabeau, [359], [362];
death of, [386].
Montcalm, General, [127];
defence of Quebec, [134], [135];
death of, [136].
Moore, Sir John, in Egypt, [483];
in Spain, [562], [563];
obstructiveness of Spanish allies, [565];
retreat to Corunna, [569];
battle, death and burial of, [569], [570].
Munitions of War, Exportation of prohibited, [412].
Murat, King of Naples, [554];
attempts to drive British from Sicily, [608].
Music in England in 18th century, [154]-[157].
Mutiny at Spithead, [455];
at the Nore, [456], [458].
Naples, Joseph Buonaparte King of, [524];
Murat becomes king of, [554].
National debt, Walpole's scheme for reduction of, [38];
increase of, [450].
Naval affairs, Commission of inquiry into, [500], [502].
Navy, Improvement of, Bill for, [519];
scheme for providing boys for the, [599].
Necker, Louis XVI.'s minister, [358], [363], [366].
Neerwinden, Battle of, [418].
Nelson, Lord, in Corsica, [431];
at Cape St. Vincent, [458];
blockading Toulon, [465];
blockading Malta, [468];
Battle of the Nile, [467];
at Copenhagen, [480], [481];
attempt on Boulogne flotilla, [483];
in chase of Villeneuve, [508];
Battle of Trafalgar, [510], [511];
last signal, [510];
death, [511].
Netherlands, War in the, [433]-[435].
Newcastle, Duke of, [117], [118], [173].
Newfoundland, French descent on, [451].
Newgate destroyed by rioters, [268].
Newspapers Taxed, [15].
Nile, Battle of the, [467].
Nootka Sound, [372], [373], [375].
No Popery riots, [266]-[271].
Nore, Mutiny at, [456], [458].
Norris, Sir John, pursues Russian fleet, [44].
North Briton, No. 45 of the, [179], [180].
North, Lord, character, forms a ministry, [199];
endeavours to conciliate American colonists, [200], [215], [250], [256];
scheme for relief of Ireland, [262];
Pitt censures, for conduct of American war, [286];
resignation, [287].
Northern Coalition, Failure of, [507].
Nova Scotia, dispute with France concerning, [114];
war breaks out, [118];
war transferred to North America, [127], [134]-[136], [138], [139];
ceded to Britain, [174].
Novelists of early part of 18th century, [146], [147].
O'Connor, an Irish revolutionary, [460];
arrest and banishment of, [463].
"Olive Branch" petition, The, [219].
Orford, Earl of. See Walpole, Sir Robert.
Orleans, Duke of, regent of France, his policy towards England, [28], [34];
death of, [51].
Ormonde, Duke of, succeeds Marlborough, [4];
in office under Bolingbroke, [12], [20];
flies to the Pretender, [27].
Oxford, Earl of, favours the Pretender, [8];
quarrels with Bolingbroke, [10], [18];
intrigues with Elector of Hanover, [18];
impeachment of, [27];
acquitted, [39].
Paine, Thomas, pamphlets, [226], [383], [392].
Painters, Foreign, in 18th century, [160], [162];
English, 18th century, [162].
Painting, State of, in 18th century, [160].
Palliser, Court-martial on, riots, [258].
Palm of Nuremberg, Execution of, [525].
Paoli, Corsican patriot, [431].
Parker, Sir Hyde, [285];
at Copenhagen, [480], [481];
recalled from the Baltic, [482].
Parliamentary elections, Bribery at, [535].
Parliamentary proceedings, Reporting of, [111], [112], [203], [204], [595].
Parliamentary reform, Pitt's motion for, [291];
resolutions for, [300];
Bill for, [312], [599];
society for promoting, [391];
petitions for, [416], [598].
"Parthenopea, Respublica," The, [469].
Patna, Massacre at, [316].
Pelham, [88];
death and character of, [116].
Pension Bill, [60];
revision of the list, [291].
Perceval, Spencer, [534].
Petersburg, Treaty of, [503].
Philip, King of Spain, [8], [43];
death of, [111].
Pitt, William, [67], [86], [110];
protests against foreign subsidies, [119], [120];
Secretary of State, [123];
useless expeditions against France, [130];
determines on conquest of Canada, [132], [133];
Bute intrigues against, [169];
his Spanish policy, resigns, [171];
condemns peace of Fontainebleau, [175];
opposition to Bute, [178];
speech on taxing the colonies, [188];
becomes Earl of Chatham, [190].
See Chatham, Earl of.
Pitt, William, on American war, [286];
Parliamentary reform, [291], [300];
India Bill, [304];
Prime Minister, [303], [305];
relief of Irish distress, [311];
Bill for Parliamentary reform, administrative reforms, [312];
sinking fund, [314];
Excise Bill, [315];
on impeachment of Hastings, [336], [339];
Prince of Wales's debts, [337];
slave trade, [340];
the King's insanity, [343];
Regency Bill, [344]-[347];
his opinion of French Revolution, [371];
his budget and new taxes, [376];
subsidies to Continental powers, [426];
antagonism to reform, [428];
and reformers, [429];
his budgets, [450], [454];
suspends cash payments, [454];
measures for relief of Catholics in Ireland, [461];
resigns on question of Catholic emancipation, [479];
forms a Tory ministry, [496];
Additional Force Bill, [496];
his failing health, [500];
the attack on Melville, [502];
forms a coalition against Buonaparte, [503];
illness and death of, character, [515].
Pius VII. at Buonaparte's coronation, [499];
is a prisoner, [549];
deposed, [594].
Poets of the 18th century, [151], [152].
Poland, Condition of, [206];
first partition, [207];
Russian aggressions, [396]-[399];
second partition of, [419];
final struggles, [438].
Political meetings prohibited, [449].
Popham, Sir Home, at Cape of Good Hope and Buenos Ayres, [521], [522].
Popery scare in London, [99].
Porteous riots, [66].
Portland, Duke of, his ministry, [300], [534];
death of, [595].
Portobello, Capture of, [72].
Portugal, Buonaparte's designs on, [546], [547];
invasion of, [547];
insurrection against the French, [557], [558];
receives aid from Britain, [558].
Pottery of 18th century, [167].
Pragmatic Sanction, Repudiation of, [73].
Press, The, activity of, tax on, [15];
restrictions on freedom of, [111];
proclamation against seditious publications, [392];
Buonaparte complains of tone of the British, [486];
freedom of the, [595].
Pressburg, Treaty of, [506].
Prestonpans, Battle of, [30], [96].
Pretender, The Old, [8];
Marlborough's advice to, [9];
debates in Parliament on, [11], [16];
refuses to change his religion, [14];
his friends in England, [16], [17];
sails for Scotland, [28];
the Highlands declare for him, [29];
disasters, returns to France, [32];
fresh scheme of invasion, [36], [50];
birth of a son, [49];
activity of agents, [54].
Pretender, The Young, [87], [92];
lands in Scotland, [92];
Edinburgh surprised, [95];
battle of Prestonpans, [96];
marches into England, [99], [100];
captures Carlisle, [100];
alarm in London, [102];
besieges Stirling Castle, [103];
victorious at Falkirk, [104];
defeated at Culloden, [107];
wanderings in Scotland, escapes, [108].
Priestley, Dr., [383], [384];
riots, [384].
Prince Edward's Island, Capture of, [180].
Prisons, Inquiry into state of, [62].
Privilege of Parliament, debate, [180]-[182].
Prussia, Selfish conduct of, [432];
duplicity of, [503];
alarm of, at her isolation, [524], [525];
Buonaparte prepares to invade, [524];
appeals to Britain, [525];
defeated at Auerstadt and Jena, [526];
revival of patriotism, army reorganised, [565].
Puisaye and Breton insurrection, [445]-[447].
Pulteney, William, [52];
duel with Lord Hervey, [62];
accedes to power, [79];
becomes Earl of Bath, [80].
Pyramids, Battle of the, [467].
Quadruple alliance, [40], [41], [43].
Quebec, Capture of, [136];
attempted recovery, [138];
Americans assault, [221].
Quibéron Bay, Naval battle at, [136].
Rawdon, Lord, in Carolina, [274]-[280].
Rebellion of 1715, [27];
defeats at Sheriffmuir and Prestonpans, [30];
trials of rebels, [32];
of 1745, [92];
end of rebellion, [107];
trials of rebels, [109].
"Reflections on the French Revolution," Burke's, [382], [393];
replies to it, [583].
Reform demanded by the people, [426];
the leaders prosecuted, [426]-[428].
Reformers prosecuted in Scotland, [426]-[428];
in England, [429];
trials of, [439].
Regency Bill, [186];
debate on, [341]-[347].
Reign of Terror at Toulon, Lyons, Paris, [423].
Religion, State of, from 1688 to 1760, [142].
"Respublica Parthenopea," The, [469].
Revolutionary clubs in England, [370], [393], [394];
and counter associations, [394].
Riot Act made perpetual, [27].
Robespierre, [404], [423];
his ferocity, [423], [424];
is guillotined, [436].
Rockingham ministry, The, [187], [189], [288].
Rodney, Admiral, captures Martinique, [174];
relieves Gibraltar, [271];
in the West Indies, [275], [276];
captures Dutch settlements in West Indies, [284];
defeats De Grasse in West Indies, is recalled, [291].
Rohillas, Conquest of the, [325].
Roland, Madame, [387];
beheaded, [424].
Roliça, Battle of, [559].
Roman Catholics, Bill for relief of, [381].
Rome, Buonaparte takes possession of, [549].
Romilly, Sir Samuel, and criminal code, [599].
Rossbach, Battle of, [128];
Buonaparte destroys memorial column at, [527].
Royal Marriage Act, [206].
Royalist conspiracy against Buonaparte, [496], [497].
Royalists, The American, [297], [298].
Russia, designs against Turkey, [349];
Gustavus of Sweden invades, [351];
naval battles, [352], [354];
continues war with Turkey, [374], [375];
designs on Poland, [396];
war with France, victory at Eylau, [543];
treaty of Tilsit, [544].
St. Paul's Cathedral, Building of, [158].
St. Vincent, Cape, Battle of, [458].
Saragossa, Siege of, [556];
second siege, [600].
Schism Bill, The, passed, [19];
repealed, [42].
Schönbrunn, Treaty of, [591].
Science and art in 18th century, [152], [154].
Scotland, Secretary of State for, office abolished, [110];
prosecutions for sedition in, [426];
trials of seditionists in, [439].
Sculpture of the 18th century, [163], [164].
Search, Right of, [71], [272].
Secret service money, [59], [500], [502].
Sedition, Prosecutions for, [426], [427], [428].
Septennial Act, [64].
Seringapatam, Tippoo Sahib defeated at, [395];
storming of, [474].
Settlement, Act of, and George I., [33].
Seven Years' War begins, [124];
ends, [176].
Shaftesbury, the first Lord, [146].
Sharp, Granville, and slave trade, [339].
Sheridan and Prince of Wales, [336];
impeachment of Hastings, [338];
eulogises French Revolution, [371].
Sierra Leone, Settlement of, [381].
Silk manufactures in England, [166].
Sinking fund, Germ of, [38];
Dr. Price's scheme adopted by Pitt, [314].
Slavery, Abolition of, Bill for proposed, [532].
Slave Trade, Agitation for abolition of, [339];
petitions, and discussions in Parliament, [340];
an ameliorating Bill passed, [340];
further motions for abolition, [380], [381], [496], [500];
further steps toward suppression of, [519];
Bill to abolish, passed, [532].
Smith, Sir Sidney, at Toulon, [422];
at St. Jean d'Acre, [471].
Society of Friends of the People, [426], [427].
Sophia, Electress of Hanover, death, [18].
Soult, Marshal, in Portugal, [574].
South Sea Bubble, [46].
See South Sea Company.
South Sea Company incorporated, [46];
the bubble bursts, [47];
inquiry by Parliament,[48];
receives compensation from Spain, [114].
Spain, Peace ratified with, [13];
Gibraltar and Minorca confirmed to England, [14];
at war with Austria, [39];
England and France declare war against, [42];
attempted invasion of England in favour of Pretender, [42], [43];
England's contraband trade with her American colonies, [70];
her alliance with France, [75];
dispute about Falkland Islands, [202];
attempts to capture Gibraltar, [259];
peace with, [299];
proclaims war against Britain, [450], [496];
Buonaparte's designs on, [546], [547];
Godoy, [549];
capture of Spanish fortresses, [550];
Buonaparte kidnaps the royal family, rioting in Madrid, [553];
Joseph Buonaparte made king, [553], [554];
insurrection throughout the country, [554]-[556];
peace declared between and Britain, [554];
Siege of Saragossa, [556];
receives aid from Britain, [558];
Buonaparte captures Madrid, [567];
treaty between Great Britain and, [571].
Spanish colonies, Expedition against, [522].
Spanish succession, War of the, [3];
Philip renounces crown of France, [8];
end of war, [13].
See Utrecht, treaty of.
Spies, Buonaparte's, in England and Ireland, [486].
Spithead, Mutiny at, [455].
Stamp Act, The, [184], [185].
Steam engine, Invention of, and improvements in, [166].
Steele, Sir Richard, expelled the House of Commons, [15];
as a writer, [148].
Stein, Von, Prussian minister, [565].
Subsidies in men and money to foreign powers and German princes, [73], [81], [83], [114], [119], [426], [432], [433], [435], [444], [580], [600].
Swift, Dean, political pamphlets and influence, [15], [20], [52];
as a writer, [147], [148].
Talavera, Battle of, [576], [577].
Tea duties and American colonists, [201], [202], [208];
destruction of tea in Boston harbour, [210].
Test and Corporation Acts, [371].
Thanksgiving, Public, for George III.'s recovery, [348], [349].
Tilsit, Treaty of, [544].
Tippoo Sahib, [331];
succeeds his father, Hyder Ali, makes peace with the British, [332];
again at war, [375];
makes overtures to Buonaparte, [472];
death of, [474].
Tobago captured by French, [284].
Toleration, Act of, [142].
Torres Vedras, The lines of, [579], [606].
Toulon, French Royalists and British forces at, [422];
evacuated by British, [423].
Townshend, Lord, Prime Minister, [26];
differences with the King, [35];
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [36];
quarrels with Walpole, [60].
Triennial Act, The, [32].
Triple alliance concluded, [36].
Triumvirate, The, [179].
Troops, Transport of, plan for, [599].
Tugend Bund, The, [565].
Tullibardine, Marquis of, [92], [94].
Turgot, Minister of Louis XVI., his reforms, [357];
retires, [358].
Turkey, State of, and war with Austria, [350];
and Russia, [350], [351];
alliance with Sweden, [351];
peace with Austria, [373];
Russia continues the war, [374], [375];
debate on, in British Parliament, [376], [378];
declares war against Britain and makes treaty with France, [539];
peace with Britain, Russian aggressions, [584].
Turnips introduced into England, [60].
Tyrolese, Revolt of, [590], [591];
betrayal and death of leaders, and of Hofer, [593].
United Irishmen, Society of, [428], [460].
United States, Independence of, [298].
Ushant, Naval battle off, [255].
Utrecht, Treaty of, [3];
debates in Parliament on, [4]-[6];
terms of the treaty, [10];
condemned by Parliament, [26].
Valley Forge, Washington's camp at, [238].
Vancouver's Island, [372].
Vendée, La, The war in, [410];
La Roche-Jaquelein leader of insurrection in, [424];
tragic fate of Vendéans, [425];
death of La Roche-Jaquelein, [444];
peace with Convention, [445];
end of war, [447].
Venice ceded to Austria, [459].
Vessels, Seizure of British, [480], [486].
Vienna, Treaty of, [54];
Definitive peace of, [65], [66];
peace of, [590], [591].
Vimiera, Battle of, [560].
"Vindiciæ Gallicæ," Mackintosh's, [383].
Vinegar Hill, Battle of, [463].
Wagram, Battle of, [590], [591].
Walcheren expedition, [580];
debate on, [595].
Wales, Prince of, his extravagant habits, [301], [337], [338], [441];
his friends, Sheridan and Fox, [336];
Mrs. Fitzherbert, [338];
his right to the Regency, [343]-[346];
receives deputation from Irish Parliament, [347];
marriage, [442].
Wales, Princess Dowager of, Bute's intimacy with, [178];
and the Regency, [186].
Wales, Princess of, inquiry into conduct of, [520].
Walpole, Sir Robert, in Parliament, [15], [19], [26], [38];
reduction of National Debt, [38];
opposes South Sea Company's proposals, [46];
his financial scheme, [48];
secret service money, [59];
his system of bribery, [62];
the "patriots," [68];
condemned for management of Spanish war, [74];
unpopularity, [77];
created Earl of Orford, [79];
inquiry into his conduct, [81].
Warrants, General, Validity of, [182].
Washington, George, [118];
commands American army, [218].
See America, war with the Colonies in.
Wellesley, Sir Arthur, Battle of Assaye, [491];
chase of Argaum, [493];
in Denmark, [540];
commands troops in Spanish Peninsula, [558];
Battle of Roliça, [559];
of Vimiera, [560];
passage of the Douro, [574];
meets General Cuesta, condition of Spanish and French armies, [575];
Battle of Talavera, [576], [577];
ingratitude of the Spaniards, [577];
corruption and jobbery in the commissariat, [578];
retreats to Badajos, [578];
is created Viscount Wellington, [578];
incompetency and obstinacy of Spanish generals, [579];
plans the lines of Torres Vedras, [579];
retreats from Spain, reorganises his army, [580];
Massena advances against, his policy, [603];
retires to Busaco, defeats Massena, [604];
the retreat from Coimbra, [604], [605];
entrenched at Torres Vedras, [606];
his policy of waiting, [607].
West Indies, Acquisitions from the French in, [422];
British conquests in, [451];
defeats of French fleets in, [523].
Westminster election, Fox and, [308], [309].
"Whigs, The Public Spirit of the," [15].
Wilberforce and the slave trade, [339], [372], [380], [390], [496], [500], [519], [531], [532].
Wilkes, John, and the North Briton, [179], [180], [182];
expelled the House, [182];
returned for Middlesex, [192];
fined and imprisoned, [193];
expelled from Parliament, re-elected, [195], [196];
sheriff of London, [205];
defends Warren Hastings, [338].
Wolfe, General, [128];
storming of Quebec, [134], [135];
death of, [136].
Wolfe Tone and the Irish rebellion, [460], [462];
capture and suicide of, [464].
Wood's coinage, [51].
Woollen manufactures in 18th century, [166].
Worms, Treaty of, [86].
York, Duke of, [419];
invests Valenciennes and Dunkirk, [420];
and Mrs. Clarke, parliamentary inquiry, [571];
resigns, [572].
York Town, surrender of Cornwallis at, [283].

Printed by Cassell & Company, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London, E.C.

Transcriber Notes:

P. [xii]. 'Governmen' changed to 'Government'.

P. [81]. 'diclosures' changed to 'disclosures'.