INSECTS
AND
DISEASES
OF TREES
IN THE SOUTH
U.S. Department of Agriculture—Forest Service
State and Private Forestry—Southeastern Area
Forest Pest Management Group
INTRODUCTION
This publication has been prepared to assist forest managers and homeowners in identifying pests of southern trees. The insects and diseases discussed are the more common ones attacking forest and ornamental trees. Prompt identification and treatment of these pests may mean the difference between losing or saving a valuable shade tree. Underlying all successful forest and ornamental pest control efforts, however, is the necessity to keep trees in a healthy, vigorous condition.
We have attempted to include pictures of the damage as well as pictures of the damage-causing organism or stage. Chemical suppression recommendations are not included in this publication. For pesticide information contact the local State or Federal extension specialist, forester, entomologist, or pathologist.
Credit for some of the pictures in this guide goes to the Southern and Southeastern Forest Experiment Stations and universities. We acknowledge the help of the Forest Pest Management field personnel who assisted in compiling this booklet.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INSECTS Hardwood Insects Defoliators [Elm Spanworm] 1 [Fall Cankerworm] 2 [A Looper] 3 [Eastern Tent Caterpillar] 4 [Forest Tent Caterpillar] 5 [Fall Webworm] 6 [Oak Leaf Tier] 7 [Variable Oakleaf Caterpillar] 8 [Locust Leafminer] 9 [Cottonwood Leaf Beetle] 10 [Walkingstick] 11 [Gypsy Moth] 12 Bark Beetles and Borers [Hickory Bark Beetle] 13 [Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle] 14 [Columbian Timber Beetle] 15 [Cottonwood Twig Borer] 16 [Cottonwood Borer] 17 [White Oak Borer] 18 [Red Oak Borer] 19 [Carpenterworm] 20 Conifer Insects Defoliators [Pine Webworm] 21 [Bagworm] 22 [Pine Colaspis] 23 [Pine Sawfly] 24 [Arkansas Pine Sawfly] 25 [Virginia Pine Sawfly] 26 [Redheaded Pine Sawfly] 27 [Texas Leaf Cutting Ant] 28 Bark Beetles and Borers [Southern Pine Beetle] 29 [Ips Engraver Beetles] 30 [Black Turpentine Beetle] 31 [Ambrosia Beetle] 32 [Southern Pine Sawyers] 33 Meristem Feeders [Nantucket Pine Tip Moth] 34 [Pales Weevil] 35 [White Pine Weevil] 36 [Pitch Eating Weevil] 37 [Deodar Weevil] 38 [Coneworms] 39 [Pine Seedworms] 40 Sapsucking Insects [Balsam Woolly Aphid] 41 DISEASES Conifer Diseases Foliage [Needle Cast] 42 [Brown Spot] 43 [Needle Rust] 44 [Cedar Apple Rust] 45 [Cedar Blight] 46 Stem, Branch, Cone [Southern Fusiform Rust] 47 [White Pine Blister Rust] 48 [Comandra Blister Rust] 49 [Eastern Gall Rust] 50 [Cone Rust] 51 [Pitch Canker] 52 [Wood Decay] 53 [Red Heart] 54 Root and Butt Rots [Annosus Root Rot] 55 [Brown Cubical Rot] 56 [Red Root and Butt Rot] 57 [Littleleaf Disease] 58 Hardwood Diseases Foliage and Twig [Sycamore Anthracnose] 59 [Walnut Anthracnose] 60 [Oak Anthracnose] 61 [Dogwood Anthracnose] 62 [Cottonwood Rust] 63 [Black Knot of Cherry] 64 Stem and Canker [Nectria Canker] 65 [Strumella Canker] 66 [Spiculosa Canker] 67 [Irpex Canker] 68 [Hispidus Canker] 69 [Botryosphaeria Canker] 70 [Septoria Canker] 71 [Cytospora Canker] 72 [Chestnut Blight] 73 Vascular Wilts [Oak Wilt] 74 [Dutch Elm Disease] 75 [Elm Phloem Necrosis] 76 [Mimosa Wilt] 77 [Verticillium Wilt] 78 Root and Butt Rots [Armillaria Root Rot] 79 [Cylindrocladium Root Rot] 80 [Lucidus Root and Butt Rot] 81