13. FROM PERSIAN.—Bazaar, bashaw, caravan, check, checkmate, chess, dervish, divan, firman, hazard, horde, houri, jar, jackal, jasmine, lac (a gum), lemon, lilac, lime (the fruit), musk, orange, paradise, pasha, rook, saraband, sash, scimitar, shawl, taffeta, turban.
14. FROM POLYNESIAN DIALECTS.—Boomerang, kangaroo, taboo, tattoo (to paint the skin).
15. FROM PORTUGUESE.—Albatross, caste, cobra, cocoa-nut, commodore, fetish, lasso, marmalade, moidore, palaver, port (Oporto).
16. FROM RUSSIAN.—Czar, drosky, knout, morse (walrus), steppe, ukase.
17. FROM SPANISH.—Alligator, armada, barricade, battledore, bravado, buffalo, caracole, cargo, cigar, cochineal, cork, creole, desperado, don, duenna, El dorado, embargo, filibuster (from English flyboat), filigree, flotilla, galleon (a ship), grandee, grenade, guerilla, indigo, jennet, matadore, merino, mosquito, mulatto, negro, octoroon, quadroon, renegade, savannah, sherry (Xeres), tornado, vanilla.
18. FROM TARTAR.—Caviare (the roe of the sturgeon).
19. FROM TURKISH.—Bey, caftan, chibouk, chouse, janissary, kiosk, odalisque, ottoman, tulip, yashmak, yataghan.
[CHIEF DATES IN THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.]
| A.D. | ||
| 1. | Cædmon wrote a Paraphrase of the Scriptures in First English prose | 670 |
| 2. | Bede, or Bæda, wrote a translation into English of part of the Gospel of St John | 735 |
| 3. | King Alfred translated many Latin works into English, among others, the Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation. King Alfred died | 901 |
| 4. | Ælfric translates parts of the Bible | 1000 |
| 5. | Anglo-Saxon Chronicle brought to a stop about | 1154 |
| 6. | Normandy taken from England under King John. Normans now obliged to regard themselves as Englishmen, and more ready to use the English tongue | 1204 |
| 7. | Layamon’s Brut—a poem—the first English book written after the stoppage of the Chronicle (written in the Southern English dialect) | 1205 |
| 8. | First Proclamation ever written in English, issued by Henry III. | 1258 |
| 9. | Sir John Mandeville, the first writer of formed English prose, ‘publishes’ his Travels (Publishes in this century means: Allows copies in manuscript to be made of his book.) | 1356 |
| 10. | Edward III. authorises the use of English instead of French in courts of law and in schools | 1362 |
| 11. | John Wicliffe translates most of the Bible | 1380 |
| 12. | Geoffrey Chaucer, the ‘Father of English Poetry,’ wrote his Canterbury Tales about | 1388 |
| 13. | William Caxton prints the first English book ever printed, The History of Troyes, in Flanders | 1471 |
| 14. | Caxton erects the first printing-press in the Broad Sanctuary, in Westminster, and publishes the first book ever printed in England, the Game and Playe of the Chesse | 1474 |
| 15. | The Book of Common Prayer compiled by Cranmer | 1549 |
| 16. | The English Bible, based upon William Tyndall’s and other translations, published | 1611 |