Sub-, under, from under: subject, subtract. It also becomes suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, as in succor, suffer, suggest, supplant, suspend; subdivision (i.e., lower), summon (sub = slightly), surreptitious.
Super-, above, beyond: superfine, supernatural, superposed; Fr., sur-, surname, surpass, surtout (= over all).
Trans-, across: transcend, transient; tradition, traverse; Fr., tres-, trespass.
Ultra-, beyond: ultramarine, ultra-radical, ultra-tropical.
Vice-, in place of: vice-consul, vice-president, viceroy; vicar.
Greek Prefixes.
A-, an- (before vowels), not: a-nom-alous = ir-regular, an-archy, an-onym-ous, apathy, atheist; a-morph-ous = formless, an-aemia = bloodlessness, an-odyne = something that relieves pain.
Amphi-, on both sides, double: amphibious, amphitheatre.
Ana-, up, back, anew: anatomy, analysis, anagram, analogy, anathema.
Anti-, against: antarctic, antidote, antipathy, antipodes, Antichrist, anticlimax.