-en, gives a diminutive meaning: chicken (little cock), kitten, maiden.
-er, denotes agent: instrument; belonging to (of places): brazier, farmer, fuller, hater, leader, saw(y)er, writer; grater, heater; Londoner.
-hood, (-head), condition, order, collection: brotherhood, childhood, Godhood, knighthood, manhood, priesthood, wifehood; Godhead.
-ing, (participle) act of, result of act: farthing (fourth), dwelling, feeling, riding. It is collective in clothing, shipping.
-kin, diminutive: bodkin, firkin, lambkin, mannikin.
-le or -l, diminutive, means: bundle, handle, runnel, saddle (= little seat), satchel, sickle.
-ling, diminutive, sometimes contemptuous: darling, duckling, firstling, gosling, hireling, nestling, seedling.
-lock, state: wedlock.
-ness, forms abstract nouns from adjectives, quality, state: goodness, holiness, weakness.