This table is designed for an exercise upon the vowel elements. These should be pronounced alone as well as in combination with the words given as examples. Let the class first pronounce the table in order, thus:
A long, Fate, ā; A short, Fat, ă, &c.; then pronounce the column of elements alone.
| Name. | Example. | Element. |
|---|---|---|
| A long | Fāte | ā |
| A short | Făt | ă |
| A Italian | Fär | ä |
| A broad | Fâll | â |
| E long | Mēte | ē |
| E short | Mĕt | ĕ |
| I long | Pīne | ī |
| I short | Pĭn | ĭ |
| O long | Nōte | ō |
| O short | Nŏt | ŏ |
| O long and close | Môve | ô |
| U long | Tūbe | ū |
| U short | Tŭb | ŭ |
| U middle or obtuse | Fûll | û |
| U short and obtuse | Für | ü |
| OI and OY | Böĭl | öĭ |
| OU and OW | Böûnd | öû |
| EQUIVALENTS. | ||
| E short and obtuse, like ü in Für | Hër | ë |
| I like E long | Machîne | î |
| I short and obtuse, like ü in Für | Sïr | ï |
| O like A broad | Nôr | ô |
| O like U short | Sō̇n | ō̇ |
| U like O in Move | Rūle | ū |
| Y like I long | Tȳpe | ȳ |
| Y like I short | Sy̆mbol | y̆ |
| Y short and obtuse, like ü in Für | Mÿrtle | ÿ |
| EW like U long | Now̄ | ew̄ |
TABLE OF CONSONANT SOUNDS.
This table should be treated by the class in the same manner as the table of vowel sounds. The sound of a consonant may be ascertained by pronouncing a word containing it in a slow and forcible manner.
Vocal Consonants are those uttered with a slight degree of vocality, but less than that of a vowel. They are formed with a vibration of the vocal chords.
Aspirate Consonants are those in which the pure breath alone is heard. They are formed without any vibration of the vocal chords.
| Name. | Example. | Element. |
|---|---|---|
| VOCAL CONSONANTS.[1] | ||
| B | Babe | b |
| D | Did | d |
| G hard | Gag | g |
| J | Joy | j |
| L | Lull | l |
| M | Maim | m |
| N | Nun | n |
| NG | Sing | ng |
| R (trilled) | Rap | r |
| R (untrilled) | Nor | r |
| TH soft | Thine | th |
| V | Valve | v |
| W | Wine | w |
| Y | Yes | y |
| Z | Zeal | z |
| ZH (or Z) | Azure | zh |
| ASPIRATE CONSONANTS. | ||
| CH | Church | ch |
| F | Fife | f |
| H[2] | Hold | h |
| K | Kirk | k |
| P | Pipe | p |
| T | Tent | t |
| S | Seal | s |
| SH | Shine | sh |
| TH sharp | Thin | th |
| EQUIVALENTS. | ||
| C soft, like s | Çease | ç |
| C hard, like k | Cake | c |
| Ch hard, like k | Chasm | ch |
| Ch soft, like sh | Çhaise | çh |
| G soft, like j | Giant | g |
| Ph like f | Seraph | ph |
| S soft, like z | Muse | ṣ |
| S like zh | Vision | s |
| Q like k | Coquette | q |
| X like ks | Tax | x |
| X like gz | Exalt | z̧ |