PHILADELPHIA:
HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHER,
No. 406 WALNUT STREET.
1868.
CONTENTS.
| PAGE | |
| Preface | [11] |
| History of the Lathe | [18] |
| ——— | |
| Arc patterns described | [105] |
| —— ——, how worked | [107] |
| —— ——, observations upon | [108] |
| Balls, Chinese | [68] |
| Balls, how turned | [111] |
| Balls and hollow spheres | [68] |
| Black dye for ivory | [64] |
| Bleaching ivory | [63] |
| Boring collars | [53] |
| Boring tools | [55] |
| —— ——, how to use properly | [56] |
| Bottle | [91] |
| Box, how made | [44] |
| ——, how polished | [45] |
| ——, lined with orange-peel | [124] |
| —— —— —— tortoise-shell | [124] |
| Brass wheel | [72] |
| Catgut, advantage of | [32] |
| Cement for ivory | [111] |
| —— for turners | [131] |
| Circular rest | [86] |
| —— saw | [38] |
| Circles, how to begin | [73] |
| —— with eccentric chuck | [97] |
| Chain | [111] |
| Chisels | [35] |
| Chucks | [39] |
| ——, to make in wood | [42] |
| ——, choice of wood for | [42] |
| ——, centering wood for | [43] |
| ——, for work | [46] |
| ——, traversing | [52] |
| ——, how to use | [53] |
| Copper tools | [36] |
| Drill | [80] |
| ——, shape and uses | [80] |
| ——, description of tools belonging to | [83] |
| Eccentric turning | [71] |
| —— cutter described | [74] |
| —— ——, its uses | [76] |
| —— ——, its tools | [76] |
| —— —— patterns | [77] |
| —— —— chuck | [94] |
| —— —— ——, how to use | [97] |
| —— —— —— patterns | [98] |
| Eccentric cutter and chuck united | [115] |
| —— —— patterns worked with them | [115] |
| —— —— pillars | [109] |
| Elliptic machine | [65] |
| Flowers turned in ivory | [69] |
| Glue, to make | [39] |
| ——, to use | [39] |
| Goneometer | [85] |
| Gouge | [34] |
| Hand saw | [38] |
| Handles of tools | [37] |
| Holly used for ivory | [58] |
| Hook and eye, how to use | [32] |
| Impressions of turning patterns | [114] |
| Ivory preferable to wood | [63] |
| ——, how to polish | [63] |
| ——, proper tools for turning | [37] |
| ——, to cleanse from grease | [64] |
| ——, to dye red | [64] |
| ——, to dye black | [65] |
| Lathes | [29] |
| ——, metallic and wooden | [29] |
| ——, construction of | [30] |
| ——, proper situation for | [34] |
| Lighter case | [90] |
| Lining patterns | [73] |
| Lines in ivory filled with ink | [114] |
| Mandrel described | [31] |
| Mastic, for turning ivory thin | [128] |
| ——, to cleanse the ivory from | [129] |
| Milling tools | [47] |
| Moulding tools | [37] |
| Needle cases | [90], [112] |
| Overhead frame | [74] |
| Ornamented stoppers | [92] |
| Parallel rest | [71] |
| —— ——, how to use | [72] |
| —— ——, to move for side work | [74] |
| Pen-holder | [81] |
| Point tools | [36] |
| Polishing soft wood | [45] |
| —— hard wood | [62] |
| —— tortoise-shell | [127] |
| Printing in the lathe | [69] |
| Puppet | [30] |
| Rest | [33] |
| Regulating the chuck wheel | [95] |
| Right-side tools | [35] |
| Rings, to make | [110] |
| Snuff-box, lined with tortoise-shell | [126] |
| Saws | [38] |
| Scraping tool | [36] |
| Screws | [48] |
| ——, tools for cutting | [48] |
| Spiral turning | [112] |
| Table of numbers | [79] |
| Tap | [43] |
| Tenon saw | [38] |
| Tools | [34] |
| ——, proper method to sharpen | [63] |
| Tool rack | [37] |
| Tortoise-shell | [124] |
| Traversing mandrel | [49] |
| —— chuck | [51] |
| Turned temple | [109] |
| Turning patterns | [77], [98], [105], [115] |
| Twisted pillar, support for | [133] |
| Vertical cutter | [88] |
| Vandyke pattern | [84] |
| Varnish used in the lathe | [129] |
| Woods, English | [57] |
| ——, foreign | [58] |
| ——, to imitate mahogany | [57] |
| ——, to stain red | [60] |
| —— —— yellow | [61] |
| —— —— black | [61] |
| —— —— purple | [61] |
| —— —— mahogany | [32] |
PREFACE.
The primary object of the author, in offering The Turner’s Companion to the notice of the public, is the hope of explaining, in a clear, concise, and intelligible manner, the rudiments of this beautiful art; an art immortalized by the pen of Virgil, practised by the Greeks and Romans, and, as we are told, still existing in those exquisite chef-d’œuvres of former years, so much admired and sought after in our century.
A short treatise on this subject is much wanted, and the author has endeavoured to give such correct and comprehensive information as will, he hopes, render the following pages useful as a book of practical instruction to the beginner, and of reference to those already advanced in the study of this beautiful science. The activity of mind requisite for the attainment of perfect success in all the various branches of Turning, by exercising the inventive and reflective powers, cannot fail of producing a beneficial effect on the character of youth, which must prove a lasting advantage; and the minute accuracy necessary for handling the tools, serves to confirm a steadiness of sight and hand that must, in after years, and in other branches of science, be highly appreciated.
From a long experience in the endless sources of interest and occupation derivable from this pleasing and salutary employment, the author feels assured that whoever has once patience and perseverance to overcome the first difficulties, will speedily, like himself, become an enthusiast in the art. And why should not our fair countrywomen participate in this amusement? Do they fear it is too masculine and laborious for a female hand? If so, that anxiety is easily removed; the rough work can be executed by any carpenter, and when once prepared, what occupation can be more interesting and elegant than ornamenting wood or ivory in delicate and intricate patterns, and imitating, with the aid of the lathe, the beautiful Chinese carving, so much and so justly admired? Besides, the taper fingers of the fair sex are far better suited than a man’s heavier hand, to produce the requisite lightness and clearness of effect. To our charitable countrywomen, who employ so much of their time in raising funds for the diffusion of Christianity in far distant lands, and for augmenting the comforts of the poor in our own happy land, the lathe will prove a most useful auxiliary, as well as to those who are anxious to bestow beautiful and cherished remembrances on absent friends.