Plants$ 2.00
Manures and fertilizers 8.00
Preparation of land, setting plants and cultivation 8.00
Picking and carting 10.00
————
Total$ 28.00

The yield, as in the case of the early tomatoes, varies widely, ranging from 5 to as high as 20 tons per acre, even 30 tons per acre having been reported in exceptional cases, although the average for a series of years on average land will probably be under 8 tons. Where all conditions are carefully observed, 20-ton yields are frequently obtained, and at the prices received at the cannery, ranging from $5 to $7.50 per ton, according to the locality, the crop is a fairly good one and the net profits are quite as large as for other field crops.

TURNIPS.

A great variety of turnips is grown throughout temperate climates, some of which being coarse in texture are used as food for farm animals while other varieties are raised as table vegetables. There is considerable variation in the color, flavor, and composition of the turnip, the yellow-fleshed sorts as a group being commonly distinguished from the white by the name "Swedes" or "ruta-bagas." In the summer the early white varieties are usually preferred in spite of the fact that they are more watery, while in winter the yellow turnips are more commonly used.

The turnip requires a rich soil, and may be grown either as an early or a late crop. For an early crop, sow the seeds in drills 12 to 18 inches apart as early in the spring as the condition of the soil will permit. Two pounds of seed are required to plant an acre. After the plants appear, thin to about 3 inches. The roots will be ready for use before hot weather. For late turnips the seeds are usually sown broadcast on land from which some early crop has been removed, generally during July or August, but later in the South. Turnips are quite hardy, and the roots need not be gathered until after several frosts. Turnips may be stored in a cellar or buried in a pit outside. Before storing, the tops should be removed.—(F. B. 255, 295; U. Id. E. S. 10; Mich. E. S. 20.)

VEGETABLE MARROW.

The so-called vegetable marrows are a valuable product and closely allied to the pumpkin, both as to species and habit of growth, the principal difference being that the vegetable marrows are used while quite young and tender, and may be baked and served very much the same as sweet potatoes. The vegetable marrows should receive thorough cultivation in order that a tender product may be secured, and should be gathered while the outside skin is still so tender that it may easily be broken by the finger nail. The flesh is either boiled and mashed or baked in the oven and served with butter while hot.—(F. B. 255; Oreg. E. S. B. 74.)

Quantity of Seeds or Number of Plants Required for a Row 100 Feet in Length, with Distances to Plant, Times for Planting, and Period Required for Production of Crop.

Brackets indicate that a late or second crop may be planted the same season.

Distance for plants to stand—— Time of planting in open ground.
Seeds or plants Rows apart. Depth of Ready for use
Kind of vegetable. required Plants planting. South North after planting.
for 100 feet Horse Hand apart
of row. cultivation. cultivation. in rows.
Artichoke, Globe ½ ounce 3 to 4 ft. 2 to 3 ft. 2 to 3 ft. 1 to 2 in. Spring Early spring 15 months.
Artichoke, Jerusalem 2 qts. tubers 3 to 4 ft. 1 to 2 ft. 1 to 2 ft. 2 to 3 in. Spring Early spring 6 to 8 months.
Asparagus, seed 1 ounce 30 to 36 in. 1 to 2 ft. 3 to 5 in. 1 to 2 in. Autumn or early spring Early spring 3 to 4 years.
Asparagus, plants 60 to 80 plants 3 to 5 ft. 12 to 24 in. 15 to 20 in. 3 to 5 in. Autumn or early spring Early spring 1 to 3 years.
Beans, bush 1 pint 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 5 or 8 to ft. ½ to 2 in. February to April.
[August to September.] April to July 40 to 65 days.
Beans, pole ½ pint 3 to 4 ft. 3 to 4 ft. 3 to 4 ft. 1 to 2 in. Late spring May and June 50 to 80 days.
Beets 2 ounces 24 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 5 or 6 to ft. 1 to 2 in. February to April.
[August to September.] April to August 60 to 80 days.
Brussels sprouts ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 24 to 30 in. 16 to 24 in. ½ in. January to July May and June 90 to 120 days.
Cabbage, early ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 24 to 30 in. 12 to 18 in. ½ in. October to December March and April.
(Start in hotbed
during February) 90 to 130 days.
Cabbage, late ¼ ounce 30 to 40 in. 24 to 36 in. 16 to 24 in. ½ in. June and July May and June 90 to 120 days.
Cardoon ½ ounce 3 ft. 2 ft. 12 to 18 in. 1 to 2 in. Early spring April and May 5 to 6 months.
Carrot 1 ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 6 or 7 to ft. ½ in. March and April.
[September] April to June 75 to 110 days.
Cauliflower ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 24 to 30 in. 14 to 18 in. ½ in. January and February. April to June.
[June] (Start in hotbed
during February
or March) 100 to 130 days.
Celeriac ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 4 or 5 to ft. ½ in. Late spring May and June.
(Start in cold
frame during April) 100 to 150 days.
Celery ¼ ounce 3 to 6 ft. 18 to 36 in. 4 to 8 in. ½ in. August to October May and June. (Start
in hotbed or cold
frame during March
or April) 120 to 150 days.
Chervil 1 ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 3 or 4 to ft. 1 in. Autumn Autumn 1 year.
Chicory ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 4 or 5 to ft. ½ in. March and April May and June 5 to 6 months.
Citron 1 ounce 8 to 10 ft. 8 to 10 ft. 8 to 10 ft. 1 to 2 in. March and April May and June 100 to 130 days.
Collards ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 24 to 30 in. 14 to 18 in. ½ in. May and June Late spring 100 to 120 days.
Corn salad 2 ounces 30 in. 12 to 18 in. 5 or 6 to ft. ½ to 1 in. January and February.
[September and October] March to September 60 days.
Corn, sweet ¼ pint 36 to 42 in. 30 to 36 in. 30 to 36 in. 1 to 2 in. February to April May to July 60 to 100 days.
Cress, upland ½ ounce 30 in. 12 to 18 in. 4 or 5 to ft. ½ to 1 in. January and February. March to May
(Autumn) [September] 30 to 40 days.
Cress, water ½ ounce Broadcast On surface Early spring April to September 60 to 70 days.
Cucumber ½ ounce 4 to 6 ft. 4 to 6 ft. 4 to 6 ft. 1 to 2 in. February and March.
[September] April to July 60 to 80 days.
Dandelion ¼ ounce 30 in. 18 to 24 in. 8 to 12 in. ½ in. Early spring or autumns Early spring 6 to 12 months.
Eggplant ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 24 to 30 in. 18 to 24 in. ½ to 1 in. February to April April and May. (Start
in hotbed during 100 to 140 days.
March)
Endive 1 ounce 30 in. 18 in. 8 to 12 in. ½ to 1 in. February to April April [July] 90 to 180 days.
Horse-radish 70 roots 30 to 40 in. 24 to 30 in. 14 to 20 in. 3 to 4 in. Early spring Early spring 1 to 2 years
Kale or borecole ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 18 to 24 in. ½ in. October to February August and September.
[March and April] 90 to 120 days.
Kohl-rabi ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 4 to 8 in. ½ in. September to March March to May 60 to 80 days.
Leek ½ ounce 30 to 36 in. 14 to 20 in. 4 to 8 in 1 in. May to September March to May 60 to 80 days.
Lettuce ½ ounce 30 in 12 to 18 in. 4 to 6 in ½ in. September to March March to September 120 to 180 days.
Melon, muskmelon ½ ounce 6 to 8 ft. 6 to 8 ft. Hills 6 ft. 1 to 2 in. February to April April to June (Start
early plants in
hotbed during March) 120 to 150 days.
Melon, watermelon 1 ounce 8 to 12 ft. 8 to 12 ft. Hills 10 ft. 1 to 2 in. March to May May and June 100 to 120 days.
Mustard ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 4 or 5 to ft. ¼ in. Autumn or early spring March to May. 60 to 90 days.
[September]
New Zealand spinach 1 ounce 36 in. 24 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 1 to 2 in. Early Spring Early spring 60 to 100 days.
Okra, or gumbo 2 ounces 4 to 5 ft. 3 to 4 ft. 24 to 30 in. 1 to 2 in. February to April May and June 80 to 140 days.
Onion, seed 1 ounce 24 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 4 or 5 to ft. ½ to 1 in. October to March April and May 130 to 150 days.
Onion, sets 1 qt. of sets. 24 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 4 or 5 to ft. 1 to 2 in. Early spring Autumn and February
to May 90 to 120 days.
Parsley ¼ ounce 24 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 3 to 6 in. 1/8 in. September to May September and early 90 to 120 days.
spring
Parsnip ½ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 5 or 6 to ft. ½ to 1 in. April and May 125 to 160 days.
Peas 1 to 2 pints. 3 to 4 ft. 30 to 36 in. 15 to ft. 2 to 3 in. September to April March to June 40 to 80 days.
Pepper ½ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 15 to 18 in. ½ in. Early spring May and June (Start
early plants in
hotbed during March) 100 to 140 days.
Physalis ½ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 18 to 24 in. ½ in. March to May May and June 130 to 160 days.
Potato, Irish 5 lbs. (or 9
bu. per acre) 30 to 36 in. 24 to 36 in. 14 to 18 in. 4 in. January to April March to June 80 to 140 days.
Potato, sweet 3 lbs. (or 75
slips) 3 to 5 ft. 3 to 5 ft. 14 in. 3 in. April and May May and June (Start
plants in hotbed
during April) 140 to 160 days.
Pumpkin ½ ounce 8 to 12 ft. 8 to 12 ft. Hills 8 to 12 1 to 2 in. April and May May to July 100 to 140 days.
ft. spring
Radish 1 ounce 24 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 8 to 12 to ft ½ to 1 in. September to April March to September 20 to 40 days.
Rhubarb, seed ½ ounce 36 in. 30 to 36 in. 6 to 8 in. ½ to 1 in. Early Spring 2 to 4 years.
Rhubarb, plants 33 plants 3 to 5 ft. 3 to 5 ft. 3 ft. 2 to 3 in. Autumn or early 1 to 3 years.
spring
Ruta-baga ¼ ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 6 to 8 in. ½ to 1 in. August and September May and June 60 to 80 days.
Salsify 1 ounce 30 to 36 in. 18 to 24 in. 2 to 4 in. ½ to 1 in. Early spring 120 to 180 days.
Spinach 1 ounce 30 to 36 in. 12 to 18 in. 7 or 8 to ft. 1 to 2 in. September to February September or very
early spring 30 to 60 days.
Squash, bush ½ ounce 3 to 4 ft. 3 to 4 ft. Hills 3 to 4 1 to 2 in. Spring April to June 60 to 80 days.
ft.
Squash, late ½ ounce 7 to 10 ft. 7 to 10 ft. Hills 7 to 9 1 to 2 in. Spring April to June 120 to 180 days.
ft.
Tomato ½ ounce 3 to 5 ft. 3 to 4 ft. 3 ft. ½ to 1 in. December to March May and June (Start
early plants in
hotbed during 100 to 140 days.
February and March)
Turnip ½ ounce 24 to 36 in 18 to 24 in 6 or 7 to ft ¼ to ½ in August to October April. [July] 60 to 80 days.
Vegetable marrow ½ ounce 8 to 12 ft. 8 to 12 ft. Hills 8 to 1 to 2 in. Spring April to June 110 to 140 days.
9 ft.