p. 165 Aquinius his Case. This is, I take it, some confused allusion to the great Dominican Doctor, S. Thomas Aquinas, who was regarded as being the supreme Master of scholasticism and casuistry. Casuistry must be taken in its true and original meaning—the balancing and deciding of individual cases.
p. 175 Bantring and Shamming. Banter = to chaff or make fun of, at this time a new slang word. It is almost certain that the verb, which came into use about 1670, was a full decade earlier than the noun. In 1688 the substantive ‘Banter’ was up-to-date slang. For the verb vide D’Urfey’s Madam Fickle (1676), Act v, I, where Zechiel cries to his brother: ‘Banter him, banter him, Toby. ‘Tis a conceited old Scarab, and will yield us excellent sport—go play upon him a little—exercise thy Wit.’ cf. Swift, Apology (1710), Talke of a Tub: ‘Where wit hath any mixture of raillery, ‘tis but calling it banter, and the work is done. This polite word of theirs was first borrowed from the bullies in Whitefriars, then fell among the footmen, and at last retired to the pedants.’
For ‘shamming’ cf. Wycherley’s The Plain Dealer (1674), iii, I, where the Lawyer says to Manly: ‘You … shammed me all night long.’ ’.hammed!’ cries Manley, ‘prithee what barbarous law-term is that?’ ’.hamming …’ answers the lawyer, ‘’.is all our way of wit, Sir.’ And Freeman explains ‘Shamming is telling you an insipid dull lie with a dull face, which the sly wag the author only laughs at himself; and making himself believe ‘tis a good jest, puts the sham only upon himself.’
p. 176 Dumfounding. A rude and rough form of practical joking. The players ‘dumfounded’ each other with sudden blows stealthily dealt. cf. Shadwell’s The True Widow (1678), Act iv, I. Prig in the theatre says: ’.ou shall see what tricks I’ll play; ‘faith I love to be merry’. (Raps people on their backs, and twirls their hats, and then looks demurely, as if he did not do it.) The pit, often a very pandemonium, was the chief scene of this sport. Dryden, prologue to The Prophetess (1690), speaks of the gallants in the theatre indulging freely in
That witty recreation, called dumfounding.
p. 176 stum’d Wine. To stum wine is to renew dead and insipid wine by mixing new wine with it and so raising a fresh fermentation. cf. Slang (still in common use) ‘stumer’, a generic term for anything worthless, especially a worthless cheque.
p. 176 Grisons. A ‘grison’ is a servant employed on some private business and so dressed in gray (gris) or a dark colour not to attract notice. cf. Shadwell’s The Volunteers (1693), Act ii, sc. I: ‘Sir Nich. I keep grisons, fellows out of livery, privately for nothing but to carry answers.’
THE LUCKY CHANCE.
p. 183 Laurence, Lord Hyde. This celebrated statesman (1641-1711) was second son of Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon. The Dedication must have been written in 1686 when, wavering between the Catholic Faith and Protestantism, he was still high in favour with the King. 4 January, 1687, he was dismissed from court owing to his persistent refusals to be received into the Church.
p. 183 The Abbot of Aubignac. François Hédelin, Abbé D’Aubignac, a famous critic and champion of the theatre, was born at Paris, 4 August, 1604. Amongst his best known works are: Térence justifié (4to, 1646, Paris), an attack on Ménage; La Practique du théâtre (4to, 1669, Paris); and Dissertations concernant le poëme dramatique en forme de remarques sur les deux tragédies de M. Corneille, intitulées Sophonisbe et Sertorious (12mo, 1663, Paris). He died at Nemours, 27 July, 1676.