[16] “The Oldest Turnpike in Pennsylvania,” by Edward B. Moore, in Philadelphia Press or Delaware County American, June 22, 1901; and “The Old Turnpike,” by A. E. Witmer in Lancaster County Historical Society Papers, vol. ii (November, 1897), pp. 67-86.
[17] Sherman Day, Historical Collections of the State of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1843).
[18] The rise of the Pennsylvania canal and railway system will be treated in chapter four of Historic Highways of America, vol. xiii.
[18*] For these and other facts concerning plank roads we are indebted to W. Kingsford’s History, Structure and Statistics of Plank Roads (1852).
[19] The [frontispiece] to this volume represents a mile-stone which was erected beside Braddock’s old road, near Frostburg, Maryland, during the Revolutionary War. On the reverse side it bears the legend, “Our Countrys Rights We Will Defend.” On the front these words can be traced: “[12 ?] Miles to Fort Cumberland 29 Miles to Capt Smith’s Inn & Bridge by Crossings. [Smithfield, Pennsylvania] the Best Road to Redstone Old Fort 64 M.” The stone was once taken away for building purposes and broken; the town authorities of Frostburg ordered it to be cemented, returned and set up on its old-time site.
[20] The Lancaster Turnpike.
[21] “In these stages,” as Brissot [Jean Pierre Brissot de Warville, New Travels in the United States (London, 1794)] observes, “you meet with men of all professions. The member of congress is placed by the side of the shoemaker who elected him; they fraternise together, and converse with familiarity. You see no person here take upon him those important airs which you too often meet with in England.”—Baily.
[22] It consists of several layers of large logs laid longitudinally, and parallel to each other, and covered at the top with earth.—Baily.
[23] The sleighs not making any noise when in motion over the snow, the horses are obliged by law to have little bells fastened around their necks, to warn foot-passengers of their approach.—Baily.
[24] I was in company with a gentleman of the name of Heighway, who was going down to the northwestern settlement to form a plantation.—Baily. See p. 144.