[3] Haeckel, op. cit., chap. xix. p. 140.

[4] Hobbes' Leviathan, chap. vi.

[5] Cf. Pringle-Pattison, Philos. Radicals, and J. Seth's Eng. Philosophers, p. 240.

[6] Utilitarianism, chap. ii.

[7] Idem, chap. iii.

[8] Cf. Spencer, Data of Ethics, p. 275; also Social Statics. In the former work an attempt is made to exhibit the biological significance of pleasure and the relation between egoism and altruism.

[9] See First Principles, p. 166 ff.

[10] See Kirkup, An Inquiry into Socialism, p. 19.

[11] See Lütgert, Natur und Geist Gottes, for striking chapter on Goethe's Ethik, p. 121 f.

[12] Cf. Eucken, Main Currents of Modern Thought, p. 401 f.