Extract of chamomile is bitter, tonic, and stomachic.—Dose, 10 to 20 gr., made into a pill, either alone or combined with a little rhubarb and ginger. See Pills, &c.
Extract of Chenopo′′dium. Syn. Extract of stinking goose-foot; Extractum chenopodii, L. Prep. 1. From the stinking orache or goose-foot (Chenopodium olidum), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE.—Ph. L.
2. (Mr Houlton.) From the expressed juice by spontaneous evaporation. A better plan is to expose it to heated air. Antihysteric, emmenagogue, and vermifuge.—Dose, 5 to 20 gr.
Extract (Fluid) of Wild Cherry. Syn. Extractum Pruni Virginianæ fluidum. (Ph. U. S.) Wild cherry in fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); glycerin, 4 oz. (old measure); water, 8 oz. (old measure). Mix the glycerin and the water, and digest the wild cherry in 8 oz. of the mixture for 4 days, then pack in a percolator and pour on the remaining 4 oz. of glycerin and water. When this has disappeared from the surface pour on rectified spirit (·817) until 12 oz. (old measure) of fluid have been obtained, and set this portion aside. Then percolate with spirit, until 20 oz. (old measure) more have been obtained; evaporate to 4 oz. (old measure), and mix with the reserved portion.
Extract of Cincho′na. Syn. Extract of bark. Three simple extracts, prepared respectively from YELLOW, PALE, and RED CINCHONA, are given in Ph. L.:—Prep. 1. (From CALISAYA or YELLOW BARK:—Extract of cinchona, E. of yellow c., E. of heart-leaved c.; Extractum cinchonæ, L.)—a. Extractum cinchonæ flavæ liquidum (B. P.). Yellow cinchona bark in coarse powder, 16; distilled water, a sufficiency; rectified spirit, 1; macerate the bark in 40 of water for twenty-four hours, then pack in a percolator, and add water until 240 have passed through, or until the bark is exhausted; evaporate the liquor to 20, at a temperature not exceeding 160°; then filter, and continue the evaporation to 3, or until the sp. gr. of the liquid is 1·200; when cold, add the spirit gradually, constantly stirring. Sp. gr. 1·100.—Dose, 10 to 30 minims.
b. (Ph. L.) Yellow cinchona (coarsely bruised), 3 lbs.; distilled water (temperate), 4 pints; macerate for 24 hours (constantly stirring), and strain through linen; what remains, again macerate in water, 1 quart, for 24 hours, and strain; evaporate the mixed liquids to a proper consistence.
Obs. The aqueous extracts of cinchona bark possess little medicinal virtue, owing to the insolubility of the alkaloids (quinine, cinchonine, &c.) in water, and also from the rapid oxidation of their extractive matter, when exposed in solution to the joint action of heat and atmospheric oxygen.—Dose, 5 gr. to 1⁄2 dr., in mixtures, faintly acidulated with sulphuric acid. Cinchona bark yields from 24% to 30% of aqueous extract.
2. (From PALE BARK:—Extract of pale cinchona, E. of pale bark, E. of lance-leaved b.; Extractum cinchonæ vallidæ, L.)—a. (Ph. L.) From pale bark, as EXTRACT OF CINCHONA—Ph. L. (above).
b. (Ph. L. 1836.) From the decoction.
Obs. This forms the EXTRACT OF BARK of the shops. The red and yellow cinchona barks are scarcely ever used for making extracts. Their richness in quinine leads to their almost, exclusive employment for the manufacture of that alkaloid, by which their value is greatly enhanced. As far as our knowledge extends, no other extract of bark than this is either employed or asked for.