above 21⁄4 millions of lbs. in 1853; whilst the price has risen from about 9d. to 2s. 7d. the lb., in the same time. The name is also given to fabrics woven from the wool of this animal; and to others in fine wool, made in imitation of them. The gigantic factory, &c., erected at Saltaire, Yorkshire, in 1852, for this manufacture, covers about 12 acres of land. See Llama.
ALPENKRAUTER-BRUST-TEIG (Grablowitz, Gras). Pectoral cakes of Alpine herbs. Gum arabic, 100 parts; sugar, 200 parts; extract liquorice, 1 part; saffron, 1⁄8th part. Each box contains 48 lozenge-shaped yellowish cakes. Made into a mass with decoction of marsh mallow. (Hager.)
ALPENKRAUTER GESUNDHEIT’S LIQUEUR (Rudolph Bohl). Medicinal liqueur of Alpine herbs. A bottle containing 350 grammes of a liqueur which is an extract of star anise, cassia, frangula bark, centaury, chicory, gentian, and a little aloes. (Hager.)
ALPENKRAUTER-MAGENBITTER (Hauber). Stomachic bitters of Alpine herbs. A brown liqueur of bitter, spirituous, and slightly aromatic flavour, containing in 100 parts: oil of anise, 0·5; oil of cloves, 0·5; aloes, 1·5; alcohol, 40; water, 50. 157 grammes in each bottle. (Wittstein.)
ALPHA-ORSELL′IC ACID. See Orsellic Acid.
ALPINE ROSE SOAP, SWISS. A preservative against syphilitic infection (G. A. Sarpe, Zurich). A glass cylinder corked and sealed, about 2 inches long, and containing a hard brownish-grey mass weighing 12 grammes, prepared thus:—Ammonia, 1 part; sublimate, 3 parts; tannin, 2 parts; chloride of lime, 24 parts; Castile soap, 190 parts; oil of cloves, 1 part; spirit of wine, q. s. (Hager.)
AL′QUIFOU (-ke-fōō). Syn. Black lead-ore, Potter’s ore. A native sulphide of lead used by potters to give a green glaze to coarse wares.
ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS. (Ind. Ph.) Habitat. Common in forests throughout India.—Officinal part. The bark (Alstoniæ cortex). It occurs in thick, irregular, more or less contorted pieces, easily broken. It consists of a rough greyish epidermis, investing a buff or pale cinnamon-coloured bark; internally, still lighter in colour, and of a spongy texture, having a very bitter taste, but devoid of odour.—Properties. Astringent, tonic, anthelmintic, antiperiodic—Therapeutic uses. In chronic diarrhœa and the advanced stages of dysentery; also as a tonic in debility after fevers, and other exhausting diseases.—Dose. 3 to 5 grains, either alone or combined, in bowel affections, with small doses of ipecacuanha and extract of gentian.—Preparations. Tincture of Alstonia (Tinctura Alstoniæ). Take of alstonia bark, bruised, 21⁄2 ounces; proof spirit, 1 pint. Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional agitation; filter, and add sufficient proof spirit to make 1 pint. Or prepare by percolation, as Tincture of Calumba.—Dose, 1 to 2 fluid drachms.
Alstonia, Infusion of. (Infusum Alstoniæ.) Take of alstonia bark, bruised, 1⁄2 an ounce; boiling water, 10 fluid ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for an hour and strain.—Dose. From 1 to 2 fluid ounces twice or thrice daily. A good serviceable tonic.
AL′TERATIVE (awl′-tĕr-ă-tĭv). Syn. Al′terant*; Al′terans (ăl′-), L.; Altérant, Altératif, Fr. In medicine, having power to alter; applied to substances and agents which occasion a change in the habit or constitution, and thus re-establish the healthy functions of the body, or any part of it, without producing any sensible evacuation or other obvious effect.