| Sp. Gr. of the Liquid Ammonia. | Pure Ammonia per cent., by Weight. | Sp. Gr. of the Liquid Ammonia. | Pure Ammonia per cent. by weight. | Sp. Gr. of the Liquid Ammonia. | Pure Ammonia per cent., by weight. |
| ·87500 | 34·694 | ·91750 | 21·837 | ·96000 | 10·119 |
| ·87625 | 34·298 | ·91875 | 21·477 | ·96125 | 9·790 |
| ·87750 | 33·903 | ·92000 | 21·118 | ·96250 | 9·462 |
| ·87875 | 33·509 | ·92125 | 20·760 | ·96375 | 9·135 |
| ·88000 | 33·117 | ·92250 | 20·403 | ·96500 | 8·808 |
| ·88125 | 32·725 | ·92375 | 20·046 | ·96625 | 8·483 |
| ·88250 | 32·335 | ·92500 | 19·691 | ·96750 | 8·158 |
| ·88375 | 31·946 | ·92625 | 19·337 | ·96875 | 7·834 |
| ·88500 | 31·558 | ·92750 | 18·983 | ·97000 | 7·511 |
| ·88625 | 31·172 | ·92875 | 18·631 | ·97125 | 7·189 |
| ·88750 | 30·785 | ·93000 | 18·280 | ·97250 | 6·867 |
| ·88875 | 30·400 | ·93125 | 17·929 | ·97375 | 6·547 |
| ·89000 | 30·016 | ·93250 | 17·579 | ·97500 | 6·227 |
| ·89125 | 29·633 | ·93375 | 17·231 | ·97625 | 5·908 |
| ·89250 | 29·252 | ·93500 | 16·883 | ·97750 | 5·590 |
| ·89375 | 28·871 | ·93625 | 16·536 | ·97875 | 5·273 |
| ·89500 | 28·492 | ·93750 | 16·190 | ·98000 | 4·956 |
| ·89625 | 28·133 | ·93875 | 15·846 | ·98125 | 4·641 |
| ·89750 | 27·736 | ·94000 | 15·502 | ·98250 | 4·326 |
| ·89875 | 27·359 | ·94125 | 15·158 | ·98375 | 4·011 |
| ·90000 | 26·984 | ·94250 | 14·816 | ·98500 | 3·698 |
| ·90125 | 26·610 | ·94375 | 14·475 | ·98625 | 3·386 |
| ·90250 | 26·237 | ·94500 | 14·135 | ·98750 | 3·074 |
| ·90375 | 25·865 | ·94625 | 13·795 | ·98875 | 2·763 |
| ·90500 | 25·493 | ·94750 | 13·456 | ·99000 | 2·453 |
| ·90625 | 25·123 | ·94875 | 13·119 | ·99125 | 2·144 |
| ·90750 | 24·754 | ·95000 | 12·782 | ·99250 | 1·835 |
| ·90875 | 24·386 | ·95125 | 12·446 | ·99375 | 1·527 |
| ·91000 | 24·019 | ·95250 | 12·111 | ·99500 | 1·220 |
| ·91125 | 23·653 | ·95375 | 11·777 | ·99625 | ·914 |
| ·91250 | 23·288 | ·95500 | 11·444 | ·99760 | ·609 |
| ·91375 | 22·924 | ·95625 | 11·111 | ·99875 | ·304 |
| ·91500 | 22·561 | ·95750 | 10·780 | 1·00000 | 0 or Water. |
| ·91625 | 22·198 | ·95875 | 10·449 |
⁂ The specific gravity of mixtures of pure solution of ammonia and pure water is precisely the mean of the specific gravities of their constituents. (Davy; Dalton; Christison.) In all solutions of ammonia, a quantity of anhydrous ammonia, weighing 2121⁄2 gr., displaces exactly 300 gr. of water, and reduces the sp. gr. of the liquid to the extent of ·00125. (Griffin.) The strongest solution of ammonia which it is possible to prepare at 62° Fahr. has the sp. gr. ·87500, and contains 34·694% of pure ammonia, by weight, or 21,251 gr. per gallon. (Griffin.)[46]
[46] Mr Griffin, in his ‘System of Ammonimetry,’ calls every 2121⁄2 gr. of anhydrous ammonia a TEST-ATOM; and every 7 water gr. measure, a SEPTEM. Thus, a gallon of water (= 10 lbs) contains 100,000 septems. The degrees of his AMMONIA-METER range from 1 to 100, and indicate the number of test-atoms of ammonia in one gal. of the liquid.
AMMONIUM. The name given to a group of atoms, which play the part of a compound basic, radical, or metallic element. This substance, whose formula is NH4 or (NH4)2, has never been isolated, although capable of forming most stable salts with the various acid radicals. Several attempts have been made, however, to obtain this compound radical, or group of elements, in a free state, and with more or less success, but on account of its great instability it invariably decomposes when set free into ammonia and hydrogen.
Ammonium salts are some of the most important chemical agents, and are usually recognised as follows, ammonia solution, however, usually acting in exactly the same manner as a solution of ammonium hydrate:—By imparting a deep blue tint to solutions of salts of copper. By exhalation of ammoniacal gas (recognised by its odour), when triturated or mixed and heated with caustic potassa, soda, or lime. Added to a solution of bichloride of platinum, they produce a heavy yellow, crystalline precipitate, consisting of minute octahedrons
easily discernible under the microscope. With protonitrate of mercury, a black precipitate. With bichloride of mercury, a heavy, white precipitate. With a concentrated solution of tartaric acid, a crystalline, white precipitate, nearly similar to that given with salts of potassa. They are nearly all soluble in water, volatile, and crystallisable.
Except the carbonate, they are almost invariably estimated by conversion into ammonia, and estimation by volumetric analyses, as in alkalimetry. In the laboratory, however, for exact purposes, they are converted into the double chloride of ammonium and platinum.
Ammonium Salts:—
Ammonium, Acetate of. NH4C2H3O2. Syn. Ammo′′niæ ace′tas, L.; Acetate d’ammoniaque, Fr.; Essigsäures ammoniak, Ger. Prep. 1. Take of acetate of lime or of potassa and sal ammoniac, equal parts; mix and distil at a gentle heat. The oily liquid (BINACETATE OF AMMONIUM, HNH4(C2H3O2)2), in the receiver forms a radiated crystalline mass on cooling. Dry gaseous ammonia passed into this salt, melted by a gentle heat, transforms it into the solid and inodorous neutral acetate, NH4C2H3O2.
2. Strong acetic acid is saturated with ammonia or carbonate of ammonium, and the solution evaporated over sulphuric acid in vacuo; the resulting crystals, after being carefully drained, are dried by pressure between bibulous paper.