[163] Now called Budrum. It was the birthplace of the historians Herodotus and Dionysius.
[164] Little more than half a mile.
[165] Now called Melasso, a city of Caria, about ten miles from the Gulf of Iassus.
[166] A colony of Troezen, on the western extremity of the same peninsula on which stood Halicarnassus.
[167] Diodorus (xvii. 25) says that this incident occurred in the night, which is scarcely probable. Compare the conduct of the two centurions Pulfio and Varenus in the country of the Nervii. Cæsar (Gallic War, v. 44).
[168] Compare the sieges of Avaricum, Gergovia, and Alesia by Cæsar (Gallic War, lib. vii.); and that of Saguntum by Hannibal. See Livy, xxi. 7-15.
[169] This use of ἀμφί with the Dative, is poetical. The Attic writers use περί with the Accusative. Cf. ii. 3, 8; iii. 30, 1.
[170] There were at least four generals in Alexander’s army of this name. The one here mentioned was probably not the famous son of Lagus.
[171] Diodorus (xvii. 25-27) gives a very different account of the last struggle of the besieged in Halicarnassus. When the leaders saw that they must eventually succumb, they made a last desperate effort to destroy Alexander’s military engines. Ephialtes, the eminent Athenian exile, headed the sally, which was effected by troops simultaneously issuing from all the gates at daybreak. The advanced guard of the Macedonians, consisting of young troops, were put to rout; but the veterans of Philip restored the battle under a man named Atharrias. Ephialtes was slain, and his men driven back into the city.
[172] Hecatomnus, king of Caria, left three sons, Mausolus, Hidrieus, and Pixodarus; and two daughters, Artemisia and Ada. Artemisia married Mausolus, and Ada married Hidrieus. All these children succeeded their father in the sovereignty, Pixodarus being the last surviving son.