[713] The interior of Africa, from the Straits of Gibraltar to Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the then unexplored South.
[714] Arrian, like many other ancient writers, includes Africa, or Libya, as a part of Asia. The boundaries were the Eastern Sea and the Atlas Mountains. Cf. Arrian, iii. 30; vii. 1 and 30. The name Asia first occurs in Homer (Iliad, ii. 461), in reference to the marsh about the Caÿster, and was thence gradually extended over the whole continent.
[715] Heracles, from whom the Macedonian kings claimed to be descended.
[716] Hence Hercules is called Tirynthius. (Virgil, Aeneid, vii. 662; viii. 228).
[717] See chap. 1 of this book.
[718] Cf. Xenophon (Anab., i. 7, 4).
[719] Cf. Curtius, ix. 12.
[720] Arrian (iii. 19) says that the Thessalians were sent back from Ecbatana.
[721] Pontus Euxinus antea ab inhospitali feritate Axenos appellatus (Pliny, vi. 1).
[722] The Latin name Carthago and the Greek Carchedon were corruptions of the Phoenician Carth-Hadeshoth, the “new city.”