Abacus, Chinese, [105].
Abdomen, the seat of intellect, [85].
Actors debarred from literary degrees, [54];
different grades, [57];
salaries, [58].
Adobe houses, construction, [23].
Adoption, conditions, [251], [252].
Aged, occasional hard lot of the, [326].
“Analects” quoted, [93].
Architecture of China described, [25].
Arnold of Rugby vs. Confucius, [72].
“Backing” the lesson, [81];
illustration, [81], [82].
Betrothal, evils of early, [267].
Bookkeeping, difficult in Chinese, [52].
“Book of Surnames,” [84].
Books copied by poor scholars, [100].
Borrowing, its universal necessity, [204], [205].
“Bowl associations,” [188].
Boys and men, village:
infancy of, [237], [238];
“milknames” given them, [238];
why called by girls’ names, [238];
names a clue to relationship, [239];
“style,” [239], [240];
secret titles used on letters, [240];
titles for men, [240];
boys carried about for years, [241];
Chinese fathers not sympathetic with childhood, [242], [243];
boys’ amusements and toys, [242-245];
do not rob birds’ nests, [244];
work of boys, [245-247];
their wages, [247];
outings, [247];
“donning the cap” on arriving at majority, [247], [248];
getting married, [248-250];
adoption of sons, [251], [252];
adopting a daughter’s husband, [252];
“reverting to original names,” [253], [254];
two branches of a family represented by one man, [254];
treatment in serious illness, [255], [256];
subordination of men to the elder relationships, [256];
summary of village boy’s limitations, [256], [257].
Bricks, colour and manufacture of, [22];
adobe, [23].
Bridal chair, [269];
its dismantling, [271].
Bully, the village:
peculiar to China, [211];
Chinese traits favouring his existence, [211];
names, [211], [216];
differentiated from four cognate classes of society, [211], [212];
dual classification of villagers, [212];
three varieties of bully, [212-225];
dress of bullies, [213];
how one becomes a “village king,” [214];
gymnastic preparation, [215];
poverty as a qualification, [216];
bullies as incendiaries, [217];
as crop injurers, [217], [218];
feeders to the yamêns, [218];
devices used against the rich, [218], [219];
the literary bully, [219];
the female bully, [219];
organization of a bully’s followers, [220], [221];
attacks on yamêns, [222];
worsted, [223];
power when influential, [223];
an illustration of such a bully, [223-225].
Candidates for examination, [112].
Carts, [39];
how drawn, [39].
Cash, one way of securing rare coins, [52].
Cash payments rare, [206].
Cave dwellings, [22].
Chang Kung, [27].
Chên-tien, or market towns, [147].
Christianity, what can it do for China? it can care for children physically, [341], [342];
it creates sympathy between parents and children, [342];
it teaches child-training, [342];
it will revolutionise education, [342], [343];
will educate girls as well as boys, [343];
will foster girl friendships, [344];
will lead to Christian choice of partners in marriage, [344], [345];
will postpone marriage to a suitable age, [345];
will oppose polygamy and concubinage, [345];
will sweeten and purify home life, [345];
will be a true peacemaker, [346];
will make man and wife the unit of society, [346];
will change ideals of friendship, [347];
will implant Christian idea of brotherhood, [347];
will improve the government, [348];
will implant patriotism, [348], [349];
the time required for this process, [349], [351], [352];
this prophecy based on past accomplishment, [350];
Christianity’s ultimate triumph, [352].
Chu Hsi’s Commentary, [87].
Cities irregular in form and reason therefor, [20];
monotonous appearance, [25].
Civilization unable to vitally change China, [348].
“Classics,” their excellencies, [95];
their defects, [95], [96].
Classification unheard of in Chinese schools, [90].
Colquhoun’s volume and its importance, [16], note.
Concubinage, [297], [300-302].
Confucius and his son, [70], [71];
his theory of teaching, [71], [72];
honoured in schools, [76].
Constables, local, [228].
Conversation, topics of, [315].
Cotton-gathering and manufacture, [276].
Cotton-gleaning, [166], [167].
Courtyard, arrangement of buildings in a, [25];
animals in, [28].
Crop-watching societies, why necessary, [161-164];
description of watchers’ lodges, [162];
fate of captured thieves, [163];
announcing the existence of a society, [164];
how expense is borne, [164];
agreement entered into, [165];
trial and punishment of thieves, [165], [166];
fines, [168];
effect on health, [168].
Daughters, infancy of, [237].
Dead, marrying to the, [298], [299].
Degrees, sale of, [121];
three methods of falsely securing, [122-126];
motives leading men to compete for degrees, [132], [133].
Democracy in China apparent, not real, [226].
Dictionary, standard Chinese, [97].
Digging through walls by thieves, [28].
Display, Chinese love of, [191].
“Distant reserve,” a Chinese factor in education, [72], [73].
District officials’ occasional objections to theatres, [59].
Divorce, seven grades of, [288].
Dogs destroyers of crops, [162].
Door-locking and thieves, [28].
Dunning must be repeated, [206], [207].
Educational Edicts of 1898, [134], [135];
results, [135].
Education, Chinese theories of, [71-73];
its object, [91], [106].
Education of girls unnecessary, [264].
Emigration made necessary in Yung Lo’s time, [20].
Essay brokers, [124], [125].
Essay, its place in Chinese education, [110], [111].
Examinations announced, [111], [112];
District Examinations, first day, [112], [113];
second to fourth days, [113];
fees, [113], [114];
second examination on fifth or sixth day, [114];
third examination, [114];
fourth examination, [114];
fifth examination, [115];
number of successful candidates small, [115];
Prefectural Examinations, their character, [116];
number of candidates, [116];
severity of hall regulations, [117], [118];
fees of successful candidates, [119];
“joyful announcements,” [119], [120];
honours paid successful candidates, [120];
diplomas lacking, [120], [121];
literary buttons and their forfeiture, [121];
result of negligence of examiners, [127], [128];
examinations required after first degree is obtained, [129].
Fairs, shopkeepers preparing for, [50];
gambling at temple fairs, [144];
differentiated from markets, [149];
numbers attending, [149];
duration, [150];
essentials to their success, [150];
opened by a play, [150].
“Falconing” with a woman, [296].
Family disunity:
why marriage is an element in this, [324-326];
disunity due to daughters, [326];
due to married sons living at home, [326], [327];
due to distribution of property, [327-329];
due to “empty grain-tax land,” [329], [330];
due to poisoning propensities, [330], [331];
due to lack of mutual confidence, [332];
due to lack of sympathy and pity, [333];
due to “face,” [335], [336];
due to transmigration ideas, [336];
due to domestic brawls, [337];
partial remedy for this disunity, [338].
Family, unstable equilibrium of the Chinese:
unit of social life, [317];
equilibrium affected by famine, [317];
by inundation, [317], [318];
by rebellions, [318];
by the labour market, [318];
by lawsuits, [319];
by debts, [320];
by sickness, [320], [321];
by gambling and opium among the wealthy, [321];
by social immorality, [322].
Farmers in China comparatively independent, [146].
Farms in various plots, [163].
“Feast” in its technical sense, [183].
Ferries, why essential in the North, [39];
loading animals and carts on the boats, [40], [41];
unloading, [41];
why ferry reforms are deemed impossible, [42].
Ferule and its uses, [78], [89].
Financiering, seven deadly sins of Chinese, [204-208].
“Five Classics,” [85].
Five degrees of relationship, [193].
Foot-binding, [261].
Foreigners attacked in theatres, [65], [66].
“Four Books,” [85].
Freedom of assembling, [228].
Funerals:
of suicides, [186];
why pillaging occurs at rich men’s funerals, [186];
fate of unpopular survivors, [187];
announcing funeral expense deficits, [187], [188];
coöperative bearers, [188];
catafalque ownership, [188];
funeral aid societies, [189], [190];
two factors determining elaborateness of, [192];
rites of the “seven sevens,” [192];
shabby paraphernalia, [193];
mourning costume, [193];
blocking the procession, [194];
funeral director’s duties, [194];
at the grave, [195].
Gathering fuel and manure, [246], [247].
Girls and women in China:
girls’ inferiority to boys, [258];
unwelcome at birth, [258];
reasons for female infanticide, [258], [259];
sale of daughters, [259], [260];
“rearing marriage,” [260];
foot-binding, [261];
girls’ employments, [261];
confined at home, [262];
married daughter’s return home and its consequences, [263], [264];
daughters rarely taught to read, [264];
anxiety about girl’s betrothal, [265];
restrictions after betrothal, [265], [266];
evils of early engagements, [267];
engagement cards, [268];
arrival of bridal chair, [268], [269];
“lucky days” sometimes unlucky, [269];
delivery of bride essential feature of wedding, [269];
dowry, [270], [271];
birth of first baby, [272];
children must be born at their father’s house, [272], [273];
faulty care of infants and children, [274], [275];
mortality of infants, [274], [275];
early senility of women, [275];
incessant labours of women, [275], [276];
daughter- and mother-in-law, [276], [277];
abuse of daughters-in-law and consequent retaliation, [277-279];
lawsuits in such cases are rare, [279], [280];
result of bride’s suicide, [281];
a typical case, [282-286];
number of women suicides, [286];
suicide a virtue, extract from the Shih Pao, [287], [288];
grounds of divorce, [288], [290];
why women must be married, [289];
prudishness in speaking about marriage, [290], [291];
sons should be married before parents’ death, [291], [292];
marriage to epileptics, idiots, etc., [292];
kidnapping of wives, [292-295];
wives sold by husbands, [295], [296];
“cheaper than an animal,” [297];
concubines, [297], [300-302];
marrying the dead, [298], [299];
men and women do not eat together, [302];
husband and wife do not converse, [303];
wife’s twofold defence, [303], [304];
hen-pecked husbands, [304], [305];
classical teaching concerning women, [305], [306];
Confucianism’s seven sins against woman: lack of education, [306], [307];
sale of wives and daughters, [307], [308];
early and too universal marriage, [308];
female infanticide, [308], [309];
secondary wives, [309];
suicide of wives and daughters, [309];
overpopulation, [309], [310].
God of Literature, [140].
God of War, [137].
Government high schools or colleges, [131].
Government, weaknesses of Chinese, [220];
its strength, [221].
Grapevines unlucky in yards, [24].
Greek drama in some respects like the Chinese, [56].
Hare hunting in Denmark, [175].
“Harrying to death,” [185].
Headmen, village: names, [227];
qualifications, [227];
duties and functions, [227-229];
“ins” and “outs,” [229], [230];
why incompetents are not removed, [230];
result of complaints illustrated, [230-232];
facility with which troubles arise in village life, [233], [234].
High schools, how different from common schools, [110];
Government high schools, [131].
History, Chinese, [99].
History taught through plays, [66].
Hospitable man described, [180].
Houses of stone, [22];
of bricks, [22];
of adobe, [23];
their roof, [23];
rooms, [25];
doors, [26];
windows, [26];
k‘angs, [26], [27];
floors, [28];
furnishings, [28].
Hsien District, conditions in, [317], [318], note.
Hsiu-ts‘ai obliged to attend examinations after graduation, [129].
Ice-sleds, [245].
Illness announced and the results, [255].
Imperial University in Peking, [135].
Incendiary fires, [217].
Infanticide of girls, [258], [259];
opposition to, [259].
Infant mortality, [274].
Intellectuality without stimulus except in school, [91];
intellectual obtuseness, [101].
Interest per month, [152], [210].
K‘ang, construction and use of, [26], [27].
Kidnapping wives, [292-295].
Kinship claimed for inheritance, [253].
Kitchen god, [27];
at New Year, [199].
Kung-shêng’s rank, [129], [130].
Lending a necessity, [205], [206].
Letters, ambiguity of address, [240].
Letter-writing, [101], [102].
Life in villages, monotony and vacuity of: villages a fixture, [312];
their intellectual life in grooves, [313];
illiteracy a source of vacuity, [315];
topics of conversation, [315];
indifference to happenings outside the village, [315], [316];
travelled villagers speedily stagnate, [316].
Li Hung Chang honouring snakes, [169].
Literary chancellor’s duties, [111].
Live-stock fairs, [148].
Loan Societies, object, [152];
simplest form, [152], [153];
feasts, [153];
societies charging interest, [154];
method of securing loans, [154], [155];
tables illustrating their working, [155], [156];
insuring payment, [157];
risks involved, [157], [158];
Hong Kong lawsuit re such societies, [158-160].
Local deity, T‘u-ti, [137], [138].
Lord Clive a Chinese bully in boyhood, [218].
“Lord-of-bitterness,” i. e., elder brother, [283].
Markets, why necessary, [146];
harmful to morals, [147];
“official” markets, [147];
number attending, [147];
use made of market taxes, [148];
market-day nomenclature, [148], [149];
“market” and “fair” differentiated, [149];
taxes levied, [149], [150];
coöperation most helpful in one respect, [151].
Mencius’ view of teachers, [70].
Men (See [Boys and men]).
Mill, James, and his method of teaching, [72].
Mind, characteristics of the Chinese, [102];
like a high bicycle, [103].
Ming Huang, the god of actors, [54].
Mohammedans exempt from temple assessment, [137].
Mothers-in-law, [276], [277].
Names of villages derived from surnames, [30];
from temples, [30];
confusion in names, [31], [32];
names derived from distances, [31];
villages nicknamed, [33];
singular names, [33], [34].
Naming children, [238];
a clue to relationship, [239].
New Year in China:
dumplings, [196], [197];
family reunions, [197], [198];
new clothes essential to, [198], [199];
New Year religious rites, [199], [200];
its social ceremonies, [200], [201];
universal leisure of the time, [201], [202];
gambling, [202], [203];
debt-paying, [203], [204];
lantern search for debtors, [208].
New Year Societies:
fees, [209];
use of funds, [209];
consequences if not paid, [210];
gamblers’ use of its funds, [210].
“Odes, Book of,” quoted, [237].
Parents, care of in Chinese theory, [328], [329].
Partial payments in China, [207], [208].
Peking Gazette, [99].
Pig-styes, [28], [29].
Pits near villages, [24].
Poisoning in China, [330], [331].
Population of China:
ignorance of the Chinese people concerning it, [17];
official ignorance on the subject, [17];
attempts of foreigners to ascertain density in certain districts, [18], [19];
too great, [308], [309].
Poverty characteristic of China, [310], [311];
its alleviation, [311].
Property, distribution of, [327-329].
Proverbs:
concerning teachers, [73], [74];
school discipline in last month, [76];
necessity of continuous study, [91];
reading required, if one would know history, [99];
funeral feasts, [192];
girls vs. boys, [258];
obstreperous women, [305];
daughters useless to mother’s family, [326].
Punctuality a lost art in China, [151].
Rain-making:
gods connected therewith, [169], [170];
iron tablets used, [170];
why these methods seem efficacious, [171];
detrimental influences, [171];
punishment of unsuccessful rain-gods, [172].
Reforms in China, how to be secured, [43];
difficult in educational matters, [107].
Relationships, assumed, [240].
Religious societies, four characteristics of, [141];
two varieties of “Mountain Societies,” [142], [143];
program on reaching the mountain, [144], [145];
the secret sects, [145].
Roads in villages used as shops, [35];
“low-ways,” [35];
why crooked, [35];
flanked by ditches, [36];
in rainy season often rivers, [36];
method of making new ones, [37];
road-building and la grippe, [38].
Scholars “not utensils,” [93];
economically they are useless, [94];
an exception, [94];
begging of foreigners, [94], [95];
without adequate literary apparatus, [96], [97];
their ignorance of history, [98], [100];
of geography, [101];
their conservatism, [103];
lack of literary judgment, [104];
ignorance of arithmetic, [105];
strolling scholars, [107-109];
functions at funerals, [133];
in lawsuits, [133];
subjectivity of, [313];
gullibility, [314];
riots due to their credulity, [314], [315].
Schoolboy beginning his studies, [80];
honoured in the family, [91], [92];
a spoiled child, [92];
effects of study, [92], [93].
Schoolhouses, [75];
their furniture, [75], [76].
Schools in villages, why important, [70];
prevalence of schools, [73];
abundance of teachers, [73];
salaries, [74];
school lists, [74];
arrangements concerning tuition, [75];
schoolhouses, [75];
furniture, [75], [76];
duration of school year, [76];
vacations, [76], [90];
honour shown to Confucius, [76];
school hours and intermissions, [77];
heating schoolrooms, [77];
returning from school, [77];
severity of discipline, [79], [80];
shouting in study, [80];
“backing,” [81], [82];
books studied, [82-85];
“explaining,” [85], [86];
writing exercises, [87];
studies interrupted by teacher’s guests and his examinations, [88], [89];
playing in the school, [89];
irregular attendance of pupils, [89], [90];
lack of classification, [90];
no genuine intellectual work done, [90];
two valuable lessons learned at school, [93];
do not teach arithmetic, [104], [105];
their strength and weakness, [106], [107].
Screens before gates, their use, [21].
Secret sects, [145].
Seers or “bright-eyes,” [283], [284].
Shan-tung productions, [161], [162].
Shops in villages, goods sold, [49], [50];
headquarters from which to radiate to fairs, [50];
hard lot of clerks, [51], [52];
case of meat seller, [51], [52];
cheating methods, [53].
Sorghum, [161];
stripping off lower leaves, [166].
Strolling scholars, [107], [109].
“Style” of individuals, [239], [240].
Suicide, punishment for inciting to, [322], [323].
Superintendent of Instruction, [130], [131].
“Surety” for literary candidates, [115], [116].
“Surnames, Book of,” [84].
Surnames, the four common ones, [31].
T‘ai Shan’s historical importance, [141];
its pilgrimages, [141], [142];
“Mountain Societies,” [142].
Taxes on “empty grain-tax land,” [329]
Teacher’s hard lot as pictured in a play, [67], [68];
in proverbs, [73];
in experience, [74];
do not teach in their own towns, [74], [75];
their manner of life, [75];
honourable position, [76], [78];
unlimited power, [78];
relation to pupils, [78];
substitute teachers, [89];
Western criticism of, [102].
Temples to be used as schoolhouses, [135];
how village temples came to be built, [136];
reasons for their absence in some villages, [137];
two gods most commonly honoured with temples, [137], [138];
uses made of building fund surplus, [138];
resorts of thieves and beggars, [139];
temple expenses, [139];
as receptacles of coffins and funeral paraphernalia, [139];
different deities in same temple, [140];
temple tax at fairs, [149];
lawsuits over, [232].
Theatre, its origin in China, [54];
little understood by foreigners, [55];
the stage and its equipment, [55], [56];
the theatre an investment, [56], [57];
costumes, [57];
classes of players, [58];
amateurs, [58];
child apprentices, [58], [59];
plays a public benefit, [60], [65];
occasions for giving a play, [60], [61];
cost of presenting it, [61];
the “program bearer,” [62];
transporting stage properties, [62];
preparations for a theatre, [62];
used as a device for attracting customers for fairs, [62];
impression made by a play, [63];
plays as a social factor, [63], [64];
a drain upon hosts, [64];
subjects of plays, [66];
synopsis of one, [66-68];
the theatre an index of the Chinese theory of life, [68], [69].
Thieves’ action at theatres, [65];
use temples as resorts, [139].
“Thousand Character Classic,” [84].
Title deeds often lost, [27].
Torture as a means of raising temple funds, [136].
“Trimetrical Classic” quoted, [78];
origin, [82];
epitomised, [82-84];
its allusions often not understood, [100].
Village hunt, why possible in populous China, [174];
the bald annunciator of the hare-hunt, [175], [176];
the hunt described, [176];
resulting quarrels, [176-178].
Villages, number of in India, [15];
the residence of most Chinese, [15];
irregularly laid out, [21];
how first settled, [21];
streets and alleys, [21];
overcrowding, [21];
village walls and their use, [29];
nearness of one to another, [146], [147];
each village a principality, [226].
“Vinegar sipping,” [300].
Wages of farm labourers, [247];
of boys, [247].
Washington and the cherry tree in Chinese, [333-335].
Weddings:
a “joyful event,” [179];
wedding contributions, [179];
bride’s arrival the essence of the wedding, [180];
exposition of the “share” principle, [180];
account-keeping at weddings, [181];
duties of the wedding committee, [182];
city and village caterers, [182], [183];
three “wedding committees,” [183];
“borrowing” provisions, [184];
opium smoking stewards, [184];
poor relatives at weddings, [185];
“drawing friends,” [191];
pranks at, [251].
Week, unique survival of the, [192].
Wells, manner of digging, [44], [45];
driven wells, [45];
occasions of feuds, [45];
unpopular people forbidden to use, [45];
Western ideas needed for Chinese well-diggers, [46];
how a force pump was refused by a village, [46-48].
Western Learning Edict, [134], [135].
Wife of Tao-t‘ai envying a dog, [262], note.
Woman (See [Girls and women]).
Women have no name, [241];
terms used, [241].
Writing Chinese very difficult, [87], [88].
Yellow River, “China’s Sorrow,” [172], [173].
Selections from
Fleming H. Revell Company’s
Missionary Lists
New York: 158 Fifth Avenue
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MISSIONS, CHINA.
Chinese Characteristics.
By Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D., for 25 years a Missionary in China. With 16 full-page original Illustrations, and index. Sixth thousand. Popular edition. 8vo, cloth, $1.25.
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