Chats on Cottage and Farmhouse Furniture

by Arthur Hayden

INDEX

• Adam style table, [186]
• America, the Windsor chair acclimatised in, [246]
• America, spindle-back chairs, [239]
• America, carved chests of Puritan colonists, [60]
• America, types coincident with Jacobean, [60]
• Anachronism in country makers' work, [204]
• Anne, Queen, chintz printing in time of, [325]
• Anne, Queen, style—cabriole leg, advent of, [167]
• Anne, Queen, chests of drawers, [67]
• Anne, Queen, scandal at Court of, [158]
• Anne, Queen, so-called style, [167]
• Back—the chair, and its development, [203]
• Bacon cupboards, [154]
• Ball and claw foot, introduction of, [162]
• "Barley sugar" turning, illustrated, [105]
• Bedfordshire tables, [283]
• Bedstead, Jacobean, illustrated, [77]
• Bevel of panel indicating date, [204]
• Bible-boxes, [34], [139]-[154]
• Bloomfield, Robert, quoted, [268]
• Bobbins, Buckinghamshire, [153]
• Brittany dressers, [134]
• Broken corners, Queen Anne style, [167], [169]
• Buckinghamshire bobbins, [153]
• Bureau bookcase and cupboard, [176]
• Bureaus, marquetry in coloured woods, [169]
• Byzantine types of furniture existent in Elizabethan days, [37]
• Cabriole leg, advent of the, [167]
• Cabriole leg (Queen Anne period), [129]
• Cambridge tables, [283]
• Candle dipper, the, [288]
• Cane-back chairs, [203], [207]
• Cane-back chairs, late Stuart, [199]
• Cane-back chair, its influence on farmhouse styles, [208]
• Caning in chairs out of fashion, [162]
• Chairs— America, Windsor chair, types of, [246] Back, the, its development, [203] Caned-back chair, its influence on farmhouse styles, [208] Caned chairs, late Stuart, [199], [203], [207] Caning out of fashion, [162] Charles II. period styles, [211] Chippendale styles, [179] Chippendale, Windsor styles, [254] Corner chairs, [240] Country Chippendale, Hepplewhite and Sheraton, [221] Cupid's bow top rail, [218] Cushions, their use with, [199], [207] Derbyshire chairs, [203] Elizabethan turned chairs, [37] Evolution of the chair, [189]-[241] Fiddle splat chairs, introduction of, [162] Fiddle splat, Queen Anne style, [217] Fiddle splat, Windsor, at its best, [254] "Fiddle-string" backs, [249] Goldsmith, Oliver, his chair, [253] Grandfather variety, [168], [230] Hepplewhite country styles, [221] Hepplewhite Windsor chairs, [254] Horseshoe back, Windsor, [259], [260] Jacobean, typical form, [196] Ladder-back chairs, [233] Lancashire rush-bottom chairs, [241] Lancashire spindle back chairs, [278] Modern office-chair, derivation of, [260] Prince of Wales's feathers in back, [227] Ribbon-back, introduction of, [179] Rush-bottomed chairs, [233] Shell ornament employed, [167] Sheraton country styles, [221] Sheraton Windsor chairs, [259], [260] Spindle-back chairs, [234] Splat, Queen Anne, the, [217] Straight-backed chairs, [203] Stretcher, evolution of the, [200] Tavern chairs, [249] Wheel-back Windsor chairs, [259] Woods used, Windsor chairs, [249], [250]
• Charles II. chests of drawers, [62]
• Charles II. period, impetus given to furniture design, [95]
• Charles II. period, styles of chairs, [211]
• Chests, Gothic, [34]
• Chests, sixteenth century, [34]
• Chests, Welsh carving, [277]
• Chests of drawers, [60]
• Chests of drawers, Charles II. period, [62]
• Chests of drawers, Queen Anne style, [67]
• Children's stools, Jacobean, illustrated, [77]
• Chimney crane, the, [294]
• China and glass cupboards, [180]
• Chinese designs in chintzes, [333]
• Chinese style of Chippendale, [227]
• Chintz printing becomes a national industry, [321]
• Chintzes, old English, [317]-[341]
• Chippendale and his contemporaries, [180]
• Chippendale clock cases, [312]
• Chippendale quoted, [227], [228]
• Chippendale, ribbon designs of, [179]
• Chippendale style, provincial, [221]
• Chippendale style Windsor chairs, [254]
• Chocolate houses, polemic against, [170]
• Chronology, seventeenth-century, [45]-[48]
• Claw-and-ball foot, introduction of, [162]
• Clock and dresser combined, [129]
• Clocks, grandfather, [306]
• Club foot, introduction of, [162]
• Cobbett, William, quoted, [67]
• Coffee-drinking and coffee-houses, [170]
• Coffee, women's petition against, [170]
• Corner chairs, [240]
• Cottage furniture and earthenware compared, [31]
• Country cabinet-maker, his mixture of styles, [211]
• Country Chippendale, Hepplewhite and Sheraton, [221]
• Country furniture, its sturdy independence, [24]
• Country makers little influenced by contemporary fashion, [50]
• Cradles, [148]
• Cromwellian chests with drawers, [52]
• Crusie, the Scottish, [277], [293]
• Cupboard, the bacon, [154]
• Cupboard, Welsh carving, [277]
• Cupboards, corner, introduction of, [162]
• Cupboards and drawers, taste for, [125]
• "Cupid's bow" underframing, [107], [185]
• "Cupid's bow" top rail of chair, [218]
• Cushions, their use with chairs, [199], [207]
• Delany, Mrs., quoted, [153]
• Denmark, the conservation of old farmhouse furniture in, [38]
• Derbyshire chairs, [203]
• Design books, eighteenth-century, publication of, [222]
• Director, by Chippendale, a working guide, [223]
• Drawer accommodation a feature in late dressers, [130]
• Drawers, chests of, [60]
• Drawers, chests of, Charles II. period, [62]
• Drawers, chests of, Queen Anne style, [67]
• Dresser and clock combined, [129]
• Dressers, farmhouse, [115]-[135]
• Dressers— Brittany, [134] Lancashire, [134] Normandy, [134] Welsh, [133]
• Dutch artisans print early English chintzes, [321]
• Dutch influence early eighteenth century, [168], [170]
• Earthenware and cottage furniture compared, [31]
• Eighteenth-century dressers, [130]
• Eighteenth-century pleasure gardens, [249]
• Eighteenth-century styles, [157]-[187]
• Elizabethan turned chairs, [37]
• English chintzes, old, [317]-[341]
• English farmhouse furniture, desirability of its preservation, [42]
• English joiners' work, its solidity, [51]
• Essex tables, [283]
• Exotic bird patterns in chintzes, [333]
• "Farmer's Boy" (Robert Bloomfield) quoted, [268]
• Farmhouse furniture (English), desirability of its preservation, [42]
• Farmhouse furniture influenced by walnut styles, [208]
• Farmhouse styles contemporary with the cane-back chair, [208]
• Feet— Arcaded foot, Charles II. period, [62] Ball, [62]; illustrated, [65] Claw-and-ball foot, introduction of the, [162] Club foot, its introduction, [162] Hoof foot, the, [176] Scroll or Spanish foot, [104], [203] Spanish foot, the, [104], [203] Spanish foot, in corrupted form, illustrated, [105], [109] Trestle, in Gothic style, [90]
• Fiddle splat chairs, introduction of, [162]
• Fiddle splat, Queen Anne style, [217]
• Fiddle splat Windsor chair at its best, [254]
• "Fiddle-string" backs, [249]
• Firebacks, Sussex, [296]
• Firebacks, Sussex, fine examples exhibited, [305]
• Firedogs, cottage and farmhouse, [294]
• Food of country population, seventeenth century, [81]
• Foreign styles, slow assimilation of, [67]
• French artisans print early English chintzes, [321]
• Gate-leg tables, [85]-[112]
• Gate-leg table, double gates, [96]; illustrated, [93]
• Gate-leg table, established as a popular type, [90]
• Gate-leg table, square top, illustrated, [105]
• Geometric panels, chests of drawers, [61]; dressers, [121]
• Georgian styles, early types, [179]
• Gibbons, Grinling, the style of, [56]
• Goldsmith, Oliver, his chair, [253]
• Gothic brackets to chests, [34]
• Gothic chests, [34]
• Gothic trestle, gate-leg table, [89]
• Grandfather chair, the, [230]
• Grandfather chair, curved lines of, [168]
• Grandfather clocks, [306]
• Grandfather clock combined with dresser, [129]
• Great Seal of Queen Anne, showing style of ornament, [168]
• Hardwick Hall, suite at, [55]
• Hepplewhite clock cases, [312]
• Hepplewhite influence on village work, [207]
• Hepplewhite quoted, [229], [230]
• Hepplewhite style, provincial, [221]
• Hertfordshire tables, [283]
• Hogarth, the line of beauty the curve, [168]
• Hoof foot, the, [176]
• Horseshoe-back Windsor chairs, [130], [257], [260]
• Incongruity of provincial cabinet-maker, [211]
• Inlaid work rarely employed, [55]
• Inlaid work with walnut, [169]
• Inlaid work, woods used, [169]
• Irish Chippendale, [272]
• Ironwork, miscellaneous, [287]-[313]
• Ironwork, Scottish, [277]
• Isle of Man tables, [283]
• Jacobean cradles, [148]
• Jacobean dressers with geometric panels, [121]
• Jacobean furniture, typical styles, [49]
• Jacobean oak chair, typical form, [196]
• Jacobean period, its characteristics, [95]
• Jacobean period, late styles of, [115]
• Jacobean style, its transition to William and Mary, [207]
• Jacobean Sussex firebacks, [299], [300]
• Joinery, the solidity of English, [51]
• Jones, R., of Old Ford, chintz printer, [337]
• Kettle trivet, the cottager's, [295]
• Lacquer employed in clock-cases, [312]
• Ladder-back chair, the, [233]
• Lancashire chintzes, [337]
• Lancashire dressers, [134]
• Lancashire furniture, [278]
• Lancashire Queen Anne settle, [167]
• Lancashire rush-bottom chair, [241]
• Legs— "Barley sugar" turning illustrated, [105] Cabriole leg, introduction of the, [167] Egg and reel turning, [43]; illustrated, [93] Eight legs (gate table), [99] Elizabethan bulbous leg, [60] Jacobean straight-turned leg, [60] Jacobean, various forms of turning, [89] Queen Anne cabriole leg, [129] Six legs, gate table, illustrated, [99] Split urn leg, illustrated, [91], [119] Straight leg again in vogue, [180] Urn-shaped leg, [60] Urn-shaped splat, [121]; illustrated, [91], [119]
• Linen-fold pattern on chests, [32]
• Local types, [33]
• Local types of furniture, [267]-[284]
• London and the vicinity, chintz printed in, [322]
• Longleat, oak furniture at, [55]
• Lyngby (near Copenhagen), collection of old farmhouse furniture at, [41]
• Macaulay quoted, [158]
• Macaulay, "State of England in 1685" quoted, [76]
• Mahogany gate-leg tables, [103]
• Mahogany styles, their gracefulness, [179]
• Mahogany, the chief designers of, of the golden age, [104]
• Marlborough, Duchess of, and her intrigues, [158]
• Marquetry bureaus in coloured woods, [169]
• Marquetry, woods used in, [169]
• Minor cabinet-makers' work lacking harmony, [212]
• Modern office-chair, derivation from Windsor type, [263]
• More, Hannah, and the agricultural classes, [175]
• Morris, William, his influence on furniture, [111]
• "Mule" chests, [52]
• Norfolk, oak furniture, [283]
• Normandy dressers, [134]
• Normans, furniture, styles of, introduced by, [37]
• North, Roger, quoted, [170]
• Oak, erroneously used to carry out walnut designs, [212]
• Oak, general in its use, [55]
• Oak supplanted by walnut in fashionable furniture, [207]
• Oak the chief wood employed, [33]
• Office-chair, derivation from Windsor type, [263]
• Oriental patterns in chintzes, [333]
• Panelling, bevel of, indicating date of, [204]
• Panels, sunk, Jacobean style, [62]
• Patterns, wood, used for firebacks, [300]
• People, changing habits of the, in seventeenth century, [72]
• Pepys's Diary, quoted, [79]
• Pleasure gardens, eighteenth-century, [249]
• Pot-hook, the, [294]
• Pot-hooks, fine examples, where exhibited, [294]
• Prince of Wales's feathers, [227]
• Provincial furniture many decades behind fashion, [50]
• Queen Anne, cabriole leg, [129]
• Queen Anne dressers, [122]
• Queen Anne flap tables, [89]
• Queen Anne period, the splat of the, [217]
• Restoration period, chests of drawers, [62]
• Ribbon designs, introduction of, [179]
• Roads in provinces, bad state of, [79]
• Rush-bottom chair, the, [233]
• Rushlight holder, the, [288]
• Scandinavian origin of Elizabethan chair, [37]
• Scotland, Union with, proclamation by Queen Anne, [161]
• Scottish types of ironwork, [277]
• "Seaweed" marquetry in clock-cases, [312]
• Settle, Lancashire form, [278]
• Settle, Queen Anne style, [167]
• Seventeenth-century, chronology of, [45]-[48]
• Seventeenth-century settle (Lancashire), [278]
• Seventeenth-century sideboard, typical style, [56]
• Seventeenth-century styles, [49]-[82]
• Seventeenth-century styles, types of, [72]
• Shell ornament, early eighteenth-century, [167]
• Sheraton clock-cases, [312]
• Sheraton influence on country makers, [234]
• Sheraton influence in Windsor chairs, [259]
• Sheraton style, provincial, [221]
• Sideboard, typical seventeenth-century style, [56]
• Sixteenth-century chests, [34]
• Sizergh Castle, oak room at, [55]
• Spanish foot, its use, [104], [107]
• Spanish Succession, War of the, [161]
• Spindle-back chair, the, [234]
• Spindle-back chairs (Lancashire), [278]
• Spinning-wheels, [153]
• Spitalfields weavers, complaint as to chintz fashions, [326], [330]
• Splat, the Queen Anne, [217]
• Staffordshire pottery and cottage furniture compared, [31]
• Stands for chests of drawers, [67]
• Stockholm, collection of farmhouse furniture at, [38]
• Stools, children's Jacobean, illustrated, [77]
• Straight-backed chairs, [203]
• Stretcher, evolution of the, [200]
• Stretcher, Yorkshire splat form, [96]
• Suffolk oak furniture, [283]
• Sussex firebacks, [296]
• Sussex ironworks, the, [295], [296]
• "Swan head" to cupboard, [168]
• Sweden, the conservation of old farmhouse furniture in, [38]
• Swift quoted, [161]
• Tables— Adam style, [186] Arcaded spandrils, illustrated, [179] Bedfordshire types, [283] Cambridge types, [283] Collapsible form (Charles II.), [103] Cross stretcher, X form, [103] Cupid's bow underframing, [107]; illustrated, [109] Elizabethan bulbous-leg form, [60] Essex types, [283] Flap tables (Queen Anne), [89]; (Georgian), illustrated, [183] Gate-leg, [85]-[112] Gothic trestle, gate-leg table, [89] Hertfordshire types, [283] Isle of Man table, [283] Scalloped-edge tea-table, illustrated, [181] Scalloped underframing, illustrated, [73] Sixteenth-century style, [52] Spandrils, arcaded, illustrated, [179] Stretchers, splat form, [89]; illustrated, [97] Tea-table, Queen Anne style, [185] Three-legged, [283] Underframing, Cupid's bow, illustrated, [109] Various local types, [283] Yorkshire type, [89]
• Tapers, how made by cottagers, [288]
• Tavern chair, the, [249]
• Tea-drinking becomes national, [170]
• Tea-gardens, eighteenth-century, [249]
• Tea-table, Queen Anne style, [185]
• Three-legged tables, [283]
• Transition from Jacobean to William and Mary styles, [207]
• Trestle in gate-leg table, [89]
• Triangular gate form, [86]; illustrated, [87]
• Tripod tables, [185]
• Turning, various patterns in Jacobean leg, [89]
• Union with Scotland, [161]
• Varangian Guard introduce Byzantine furniture into Scandinavia, [37]
• Veneer, in walnut, early eighteenth-century, [169]
• Village cabinet-maker, originality of, [32]
• Wales, Prince of, feathers in chair back, [227]
• Walnut gate-leg tables, [103]
• Walnut in general use, [207]
• Walnut styles, early eighteenth-century, [169]
• Walnut supplanted by mahogany, [207]
• Warming-pan, the, [295]
• Wardrobe, Lancashire type, [278]
• Welsh carving, [272]
• Welsh dressers, [133]
• Wesley and the Methodist movement, [175]
• Whitefield and the colliers, [175]
• Wheel-back Windsor chairs, [257]
• William and Mary dressers, [126]
• William and Mary gate-leg tables, [104]
• William and Mary period, finely turned work, [75]
• William and Mary style, its development from Jacobean, [207]
• Windsor chair, the, [243]-[263]
• Windsor chair, the, Sheraton influence, [259]
• Windsor chair, its survival, [260]
• Windsor chairs, Chippendale style, [254]
• Wood patterns used for firebacks, [300]
• Woods employed in farmhouse furniture, [33]
• Woods used in Windsor chairs, [249], [250]
• Woods used in walnut marquetry, [169]
• Women's petition against coffee, [170]
• Yorkshire chairs, [203]
• Yorkshire splat stretcher to tables, [96]

UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GRESHAM PRESS, WOKING AND LONDON.

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Those interested in the method pursued in Sweden and Denmark and the grave necessity for speedy measures to preserve our national cottages and farmhouses from effacement will find illuminating articles on the subject from the pen of "Home Counties" in the World's Work, August, October, and November, 1910, and in the American Educational Review, February, 1911, in an article by Lucy M. Salmon. "Old West Surrey," by Gertrude Jekyll (Longmans & Co.), 1904, contains a wealth of suggestive material relating to cottage furniture and articles of daily use of old-style country life now passing away.

[2] Pepys's Diary, June 12, 16 8.

[3] Postlethwaite's "Dictionary of Roads."