Chats on Old Clocks

by Arthur Hayden

The study of watches of the various periods is a fascinating one. When the collector leaves the path of clocks, with their more Gargantuan proportions, to become a student of the intricacies of the art of the watchmaker as exemplified in some of his greatest triumphs, he has been enticed on a quest which is unending. No field in collecting and connoisseurship has claimed more devotees.

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[INDEX]

• "Act of Parliament" clocks, so-called, [124]
• Adam style, its employment in the clock-case, [147]
• Robert, clock-case by, illustrated, [139]
• Aicken, George (Cork), clock by, [277]
• Alarum clocks, [54]
• and striking clocks, early, [32]
• Ale-house clocks, Oliver Goldsmith quoted, [127]
• American clocks—
• "Banjo clocks," [124]
• Bracket clock, by Savin and Dyer (Boston), [198]
• Lantern clock, with pendulum, [59]
• Anchor pendulum, the, [59]
• Arnold, John (Bodmin), [37], [212]
• Astronomical clock-dial, the, [28]
• Babylonian measurement of time, [28], [29], [30]
• Bacon, quoted, [53]
• Balance and weights prior to pendulum, [33]
• Barraud, clock by (1805), [203]
• Battersea enamel employed for watch-cases, [290]
• Beginners, hints for, [41]
• Belfast clocks and clockmakers, [272]
• Bewick, Thomas, engraver of clock-dials (1763-74), [215], [217]
• Biddell, clock by, [204]
• "Birdcage" clocks, [54]
• Böttger, his porcelain at Meissen, [109]
• Boulle, André Charles, and his marquetry, [72], [73], [111]
• Bracket clock, the, [179-204]
• or wall clock, the, early use of, [46], [49]
• Brass lantern clock, the, [45-63]
• Bristol clock illustrated, [149]
• Britten, F. J., Old Clocks and Clockmakers, full lists of
• makers in, [37]
• Brownhill, Henry (Leeds), copper token of, [218]
• Cabrier, name falsely put on Dutch clocks, [36]
• Calendar watch illustrated, [291]
• Case, the, evolution of, [155]
• Catherine of Braganza, dowry of, [107]
• Centres of clock and watch making in 1797, [214]
• Chamber clocks an established feature in furniture, [192]
• Chamberlaine, Thomas, de Chelmisforde, watch by, [291]
• Charles I, watch belonging to, [289]
• Charles II, death-bed scene of, [50], [53]
• Watch by Robert Hooke presented to, [36]
• Cherub head, the, a favourite ornament, [166]
• Its use on clock-dial, [169]
• Its use on Stuart furniture, [170]
• Cheshire clock-case, peculiarities of, [230]
• Chester, Bishop of (John Wilkins), quoted, [30]
• Chinese style of Chippendale, [91], [108]
• Designs at Worcester, Bow, and Bristol porcelain factories, [108]
• Taste, the furore in France and Holland, [108]
• Chintzes, the early character of, [111]
• Chippendale, his Chinese style, [91], [108]
• His indebtedness to Marot, [155]
• Style in clock cases, [136]
• Clockmakers' Company, 1704, transactions of, quoted, [36]
• On fabrications of English work, [36]
• Clockmakers, the great English, [35]
• English, full list of, [37]
• Clockmaking, decadence of, [38]
• Personality in, [38], [39]
• Collecting period, the, [38]
• Collectors, hints for, foibles of, [39], [41]
• Colour versus form, [110]
• Cookworthy, William, his true porcelain at Plymouth, [109]
• Copper tokens of clockmakers illustrated, [218], [236]
• Cork, clocks and clockmakers at, [289]
• Cornwall clockmakers, list of, [241]
• Country marquetry, [60]
• Cromwellian "plum" watch illustrated, [283]
• Cumming, Alexander, clock by (1770), [203]
• Day and night, [27], [29]
• Day, the, its division into hours, [28]
• Lunar, [29]
• Mean solar, [28]
• Delft, Dutch, ornamentation of, used in marquetry, [98]
• Devon and Cornwall clockmakers, list of, [241]
• Dial, the—
• Brass, with silvered hour circle and engraved figures, [158]
• Character of, [157]
• Correct proportions of the, [165]
• Early form of, [30]
• Evolution of, [162], [165]
• Iron painted ornament and figures, [158]
• Position of maker's name on, [158], [161]
• Dickens, Dombey and Son quoted, [31]
• Domestic clock, the, [33]
• Draper, John (1703), dial of clock by, [158]
• Dublin clocks and clockmakers, [272]
• National Museum, examples at, illustrated, [269], [273]
• Dutch clock panels imported, [97]
• Delft ware, its imitation of porcelain, [111]
• Fabrications of noted English makers, [36]
• Influence on cabinet-maker, [67]
• Influence on clockmaker, [217], [271]
• Origin of long-case clock, [154]
• Ornament found on clocks—
• Cupids and crown, [170]
• Marquetry panels, [92]
• Phases of moon, [217]
• Spandrel with Seasons, [271]
• Dutton, Matthew, [37]
• Thomas, [37]
• William, [37]
• Earnshaw, Thomas (1750), [37], [212]
• East Anglian clockmakers, list of, [247]
• East, Edward, [37]
• East India Company, the Dutch, [107]
• The English, [109]
• Ebsworth, John, [37]
• Edict of Nantes and its effect, [68], [90], [120]
• Edinburgh clocks and clockmakers, [261-265]
• Eighteenth century, best period of clockmaking in, [40]
• Elizabethan watch illustrated, [289]
• Ellicott, John (Bodmin), [212]
• English masters of clockmaking, the great, [35]
• School of lacquered work, [114]
• Equation of time, [29]
• Evelyn, Diary of, quoted (1681), [107]
• Evolution of the English mantel clock, [186]
• Evolution of long-case clock, [153]
• Base, its changing form, [155]
• Dial, its character, [157]
• Hands, their differing types, [174]
• Spandrel, its ornamentation, [166]
• Waist, its varying proportion, [155]
• Exeter clockmakers, list of, [241]
• Fleur-de-lis ornament on dial, [174]
• Foreign craftsmen working in England—
• Dutch marquetry workers, [83], [92]
• French Huguenot cabinet-makers, [69], [90]
• Italian glassworkers, [69]
• Form, changing, of hood, waist, and base, [155]
• Innovations of, in clock-cases, [141]
• versus colour, [111]
• French clocks and their influence, [147], [197], [278]
• Influence on mantel clocks, [197]
• Fromanteel, Ahasuerus, pendulum introduced into England by, [37]
• The family of, great clockmakers, [37]
• Furniture, influence of, on clock case, [141]
• Georgian clocks (1720-1830), [131]
• German school of marquetry, [72]
• Gibbons, Grinling, [121]
• Glasgow, example at Corporation Art Gallery illustrated, [259]
• Glass windows, when first used in coaches, [161]
• Workers in London, seventeenth-century, [69]
• Goldsmith, Oliver, Deserted Village quoted, [127]
• Gordon, Patrick (Edinburgh), clock by, [261]
• Thomas (Edinburgh), 1668-1743, [261]
• Graham, George (1673-1751), [212]
• His evidence as to Robert Hooke's invention, [36]
• Grandfather clock, the, its Dutch origin, [74]
• Its long survival, [135]
• Its popularity, [135]
• Grant, John, [37]
• Inn clock by, illustrated, [125]
• Graydon, George (Dublin), clock by (1796), [277]
• Greek measurement of time, [28], [29]
• Halifax and district, list of clockmakers, [217]
• "Halifax" grandfather clocks, [217]
• Hampton Court, Dutch character of, [91]
• Protestant style of decoration at, [170]
• The work of Daniel Marot at, [91]
• The work of Sir Christopher Wren at, [91]
• Hands, the, evolution of, [174]
• Hour hand, at first employed, [30], [157]
• Minute hand first added, [30], [158]
• Harris, Richard, clock by, at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, [35]
• Harrison, John, [37]
• His chronometer, [212]
• Hill, Thomas, clock by (1760), [197]
• Hogarth, William, the possibility of engraved clock-dials by, [161]
• Home Counties, the, list of clockmakers, [236]
• Hood, changing forms of the, [155]
• Hooke, Dr. Robert, his claim for invention of balance-spring for
• watches, [36]
• His inventions, [212]
• Watch by, presented to Charles II, [36]
• Hour, the, its division into minutes, [30], [158]
• Hours, division of day into, [30]
• Huguenot refugees settle in England, [68], [120]
• Huygens, Christopher, Dutch astronomer, his work, [33]
• His quarrel with Dr. Hooke, [36]
• Huygens, Dutch cabinet-maker, his imitations of Japanese lacquered
• panels, [111]
• Inlaid furniture, [70], [71]
• Inn clock, the, [124]
• Innovations of form in clock-cases, [141]
• Irish clockmakers, list of, [271], [272]
• Italian school of marquetry, [71]
• James I appoints Ramsay as "Clockmaker Extraordinary," [256]
• Japanese lacquer, specimens of, [106]
• Johnson, Thomas, clock by (1730), [191]
• Jones, Henry, Charles I watch made by, [289]
• Charles II clock by, [212]
• Kent and Sussex, clockmakers of, [247]
• Kew Gardens Botanical Museum, Japanese lacquer at, [106]
• Knibb, Joseph, father and son, [37]
• Joseph (1670), [211]
• Clocks by (1690), [191], [236], [241]
• Copper token of (1677), [236]
• Knokmakers, the, of Scotland, [258]
• Labarte, Arts of the Middle Ages quoted, [33]
• Lac and its properties, [105]
• Its introduction into England, [107]
• Lacquer—
• Chinese and Japanese origin of, [105], [106]
• Dutch imitations, [110], [111]
• English school of lacquer work, [118], [121]
• French masters, [112]
• Its use in the clock-case, [105]
• Work—
• English school of, [114]
• Foreign craftsmen in London, [120]
• School of English amateurs, [121]
• Lacquered clock-case, its peculiarities, [112]
• Panels imported from the East, [109]
• Lamb, Charles, quoted on sundials, [162]
• Name falsely put on Dutch clocks, [36]
• Lancashire clock-case, peculiarities of, [230]
• Clockmakers, list of, [230]
• Lantern clock—
• Early form, [45]
• Its similarity to ship's lantern, [46]
• Lilly, Life and Times quoted, [256]
• Liverpool and district, list of clockmakers, [224]
• Long-case clock—
• Dutch origin of, [154]
• Evolution of the, [153]
• Georgian period, the, [131]
• Lacquer period, the, [105]
• Stability of the, [132]
• Veneer and marquetry period, the, [67]
• Loomes, Thomas, clock by, [191]
• Lovelace, Jacob (Exeter), [212], [242]
• Lowestoft china, so-called, with Dutch inscription, [173]
• Lunar day, the, [29]
• Lunette, the use of the, in dial and case, [158]
• Lustre ware clock vase, Staffordshire, [198]
• Macaulay, his account of death of Charles II, [50], [53]
• Mahogany long cases, the period of, [136]
• Makers, old, their personality given to clocks, [38]
• Mantel clocks, the English character of, [185]
• Marot, Daniel, his work at Hampton Court, [90], [91]
• Designs of long-case clocks, [155]
• Marquetry—
• Country cabinet-makers' use of, [84]
• Decadence of, [100]
• Definition of, [71]
• Dutch school of, [79]
• Early English attempt at, [84]
• Finest period, [40], [79], [83]
• Foreign influence on English art, [79]
• German school of, [72]
• Imported sheets, frequent use of, [84], [97]
• Italian school of, [71]
• Provincial, [60]
• Revival of, Sheraton period, [123], [147]
• Veneer, the use of, with, [74]
• Martin, Sieur Simon Etienne, his varnish, [112]
• Mary, Queen, and Hampton Court, [98], [170]
• Massy, Henry (1680), dial of clock by, [158]
• Mean time, [29]
• Mechanism of clocks, early, [32]
• Midlands, list of clockmakers in the, [230]
• Mills, Humphry, Edinburgh (1661), [261]
• Richard, Edinburgh (1678-1710), [261]
• Minute, the, its division into seconds, [30]
• Mudge, Thomas, Exeter (1715), [37], [212]
• Musical clock attributed to Rimbault, [142]
• by George Aicken, Cork, [277]
• Name of maker, position on dial, [161]
• Names found on dials, origin of, [213]
• Nantes, Edict of, and its effect, [68], [120]
• Newcastle-upon-Tyne, list of makers, [215]
• New Geneva (near Waterford), Irish watchmaking centre at, [278]
• Silver assayed at, [278]
• New York Metropolitan Art Museum, clocks illustrated, [57], [193]
• Nineteenth century, best period of clockmaking in, [40]
• Long-case clock of the, [147]
• North of England, list of clockmakers, [215]
• Nottingham clockmakers, list of, [235]
• Numerals on dial, note on, [158], [165]
• Painted furniture simulating lacquer work, [123]
• Panels, lacquered, imported from the East, [109]
• Marquetry, their use in clock-case, [97]
• "Parliament" clocks, so-called, [124]
• Pendulum, the—
• Advent of, [50]
• Early studies relating to, [154]
• First introduction of, [33]
• Introduced into England by Fromanteel, [37]
• Length of, determined by longitude, [179]
• Types of—
• the anchor, [59];
• the "royal" or long, [33];
• the short, its position at front of dial, [33]
• Pepys' Diary quoted (1667), [161]
• Personal clock, the, [34]
• Personality in clockmaking, [38]
• Pinchbeck, Christopher, [37]
• Period of watches, [290]
• Pitt, his tax on clocks (1797), [124]
• Pope, Essay on Criticism quoted, [31]
• Porcelain, true, its introduction into Europe, [109]
• Poy, Godfrey, clock by (1745), [192]
• Pre-pendulum clocks, [33]
• Provincial clocks and makers, [211]
• Makers, some great, [211]
• Quare, name falsely put on Dutch clocks, [36]
• Queen Mary, her influence in rebuilding Hampton Court, [98]
• Ramsay, David, [255];
• watch signed by, [257]
• Réfugié, le style, its introduction into England, [90]
• Regulator clock, the, [148]
• Repairs, ignorant restoration to be avoided, [42]
• Riesener, the marquetry of, [111]
• Rimbault, Stephen, [37]
• Noteworthy for musical clocks, [142], [147]
• Roentgen, David, the marquetry of, [111]
• Science, the dawn of, [35]
• Scott, Sir Walter, Fortunes of Nigel quoted, [255]
• Scottish clocks, [255]
• Character of, [266]
• Makers, eighteenth century, list of, [261], [262]
• Second, the, the second division of the hour, [30]
• Hand, the, [30]
• Seventeenth century, dawn of science in the, [35]
• Types of lantern clock, [53]
• Watches, [286], [287]
• Shagreen cases to watches, [290]
• Shakespeare, As you like it quoted, [162]
• King John quoted, [32]
• Sheraton style in clock-cases, [147]
• Spandrel ornament on clock-dial—
• Artistic difficulty of, [166]
• Cherub head style, [166], [169]
• Cupids and crown style, [170]
• Spanish proverb quoted, [185]
• Specialization of clockmaking, [37]
• Spring, the, its early use as a motive power, [32]
• Staffordshire earthenware clock vase, [198]
• Stalker and Parker, treatise on "japanning" (1688), [122]
• Striking and alarum clocks, early, [32]
• Strowbridge (Dawlish), clock by, [204]
• Clock repaired by, [247]
• Stuart and Tudor ages compared, [35]
• Sundial, the, and its tradition, [162]
• Time, [29]
• Sussex, clockmakers of, [247]
• Clock (Ashburnham) illustrated, [243]
• Swiss watchmakers settled in Ireland (1784-90), [278]
• Table clocks, great variety of, [185]
• Time, apparent and mean, equation of, [29]
• and its measurement, [27]
• Babylonian method of reckoning, [28], [29], [30]
• Tokens, copper, of clockmakers illustrated, [218], [236]
• Tombstones, ornament on, indicative of contemporary styles, [157]
• Tomlinson, William, [37]
• Tompion, Thomas (1671-1713), [212], [236]
• Name of, falsely put on Dutch clocks, [36]
• Tudor and Stuart ages compared, [35]
• Veneer and marquetry, the use of, [74]
• Definition of, [69]
• Modern delicacy of, [69]
• Verge escapement of old clocks, [33]
• Vulliamy, Benjamin, [37]
• Benjamin Lewis, [37]
• Justin, [37]
• Wales, clocks made in, [248]
• Wall clock, early use of, [46], [49]
• Inn clock illustrated, [125]
• Irish wall clock illustrated, [277]
• Wall-paper—
• Early use of in England, [99]
• Period in marquetry, [99]
• Repeat design of, on marquetry, [100]
• Walnut period of long case, [135], [136]
• Watches, Old English—
• Battersea enamel, [290]
• Cromwellian, [289]
• Early Stuart, [289]
• Eighteenth-century, [290]
• Elizabethan, [289]
• Pinchbeck period, [290]
• Typical English described, [285], [286]
• William and Mary, [290]
• Watches, Liverpool and district famous for, [224]
• Waterford, Swiss watchmakers at, [278]
• Watson, Sam (Coventry), clock by (1687), [186]
• Webster's New International Dictionary quoted, [30]
• Wedgwood medallions as ornaments to clock-case, [204]
• Welsh clocks and makers, [248]
• West Country clockmakers, list of, [241]
• Wilkins, John, Bishop of Chester, quoted, [30]
• William and Mary period of decoration, [92], [97], [98]
• Windmills, name falsely put on Dutch clocks, [36]
• Woodcarvers at Hampton Court, [170]
• Wooden works of clocks, [266]
• Wren, Sir Christopher, his work at, Hampton Court, [91]
• Yorkshire clock-case, peculiarities of, [223], [229]
• Clockmakers, [217]
• Zoffany, clock-cases decorated by, [142]

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Printed in Great Britain by
UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GRESHAM PRESS, WOKING AND LONDON

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CHATS ON
ENGLISH EARTHENWARE

(Companion volume to "Chats on English China.")