Pronouns of the Second Person, “Thou” and “Ye.”—Irr, “Thou” and “Ye,” (Chinese.) Ihr, “Ye,” (German.) Yú, Yŏh, “Thou” and “Ye,” (Chinese.) You, “Ye,” (English.) Yō (Provincial English). Eoh (Anglo-Saxon), “Ye.” Nee, Nai, Nyú, “Thou” and “Ye,” (Chinese.) Ne, “You,” (Mandans, a North American Tribe.)
In these instances the English “You” and the German “Ihr” differ totally. Moreover, in each language separately considered the plural differs altogether from the singular, which in German is expressed by “Du,” and in the English by “Thou.” The Chinese, which uses these terms, “Ihr” and “You,” conjointly and in both numbers, furnishes a satisfactory clue to these anomalies!
Pronouns of the Third Person.—E.e, “He,” “She,” “It,” (Chinese.) E.ee.a, E.v.e, (Hebrew.) He, masculine, (English.) He, feminine, (Welsh.)—Peé, “He,” “She,” “It,” also “That,” (Chinese.) Phe, Ph, “This,” “That,” (Hebrew.) Pha or Pe, the article “The,” (Egypt.)
Specimens of Chinese Words, identical with equivalent Terms in the Languages of Europe and Western Asia, &c.
Keuen, “A Dog,” (Chinese), Kuōn (Greek), Coun (Plural, Welsh), Can-is (Latin).—Ma, “A Horse,” (Chinese), Morin Mantschu), Mä-hre (German), Ma-re (English), Ma-rch (Welsh.)—Mu, “A Mouse,” (Chinese), Mu-s, Mu-os Mu [pg 152] (Greek), Mu-s (Latin.)—Lung,[133] “A Wolf,” (Chinese), Lukon (Greek), Lloun-og, “A Fox,” (Welsh.)—Ioanģ, Iong, Io, “A Sheep,” (Chinese), Oin (Greek), Oen, “A Lamb,” (Welsh), Oi, Ai, Yi (Irish.)
Foò “A Father,” Moo “A Mother;” also Foò Tsin “A Father,” and Moó Tsin “A Mother.” Tsin means “A Relation,” (Chinese.) The equivalent terms in the English and other Gothic dialects consist of the Chinese root, and a distinct suffix (answering the purpose of the separate Chinese word Tsin.) Fä-der (Anglo-Saxon), Fa-ther (English), Fa-ter (German), Mo-ther, (English), Mua-ter (Old high German.)[134]
Nan and Yin, “A Man,” (Chinese.) Ninetz, “Men,” their national name, (Samoieds.) Ninnee Inin, “A Man,” (Algonquyn Dialects of N. America.)
Nan “A Son,” (Chinese,) N.n [Parturio] (Heb.)—Neang, “A young Lady,” (Chinese,) Non (Mantschu,) Nonn-us (Lat.,) Nun, “Tender,” (Chinese.)—Nyu, “A Daughter,” (Chinese,) Nea, Feminine, “Young,” [Juvenis] (Greek,) New (Eng.)—Chan, “To produce, bear,” (Chinese,) Gen-i (Welsh,) Genn-ao (Greek.)—Chuen, “A Boat, or Ship,” (Chinese,) Kahn (Ger.,) Cymba (Latin,) Kumbī (Greek.)
Chuy, “To blow, The Breath,” (Chinese,) Chwa (Welsh.)—Fe, “Fat,” (Chinese), Fe-tt (German,) Fa-t (English.)—Ho, “Fire,” (Chinese,) Ho-t (English.) These words Ho-t and Fe-tt seem to have been regularly formed as past participles from Ho and Fe, the roots preserved in the Chinese.—Hoo, [pg 153] “To escort,” (Chinese,) Hü-ten (Ger.)—Fan, “To subvert, Contrary,” (Chinese,) Ph.n.e, [To turn, turn out] (Hebrew,) Fun, “To divide,” (Chinese,) Fun do, Fin do (Latin.)—Gan, “Favor,” (Chinese,) Gönn-en, Gun-st (German,) Gynn a (Swedish,) c'H.n (Hebrew.)—Gaou, “Proud,” (Chinese,) Ga, Ga.ou.e, Ga.ee.oun (Hebrew) Gang “Lofty,” Ge “The Forehead,” Ke “To rise,” Ka.ou “High,” (Chinese,) Ga-e, “To rise,” (Heb.)—Kang, “More,” (Chinese,) Chwaneg (Welsh.)—Hae, “A large River, The Sea,” (Chinese,) Aa (Icelandic,) Eia (Ang.-Sax.,) Wy (Welsh.)—Heuen, “To explain,” Heaou “To understand,” Heo “To learn,” (Chinese,) c'Hou.e “To show, explain, declare,” (Hebrew,) He-ar (Eng.)—Hwō, “Living,” (Chinese) c'Hee.a, E.ou.e (Hebrew.)—Kwae, “Prompt, active,” (Chinese,) Chwae (Welsh.)—Kia “A Family,” Kiwo “A Nation,” (Chinese,) Kiw (Welsh,) Gou.e (Heb.)—Keen, “To see,”[135] (Chinese), Ken (English,) Kee, “And,” (Chinese,) Kai (Greek and Algonquyn Tribes of N. America,) King “To respect,” (Chinese,) Kun-ēō (Greek,) Kwăn, “Fatigued,” (Chin.,) Gwan (Welsh.)—Laou, “Labour,” (Chinese,) La.e (Hebrew), La-bor (Latin.)—Mae, “To buy,” (Chinese,) Emo (Latin.)—Lo, “Green,” (Chinese,) L.c'he, (Hebrew.)—Leo, “Small,” Lu, (Irish,) Low (English.)—Muen, “Many,” (Chinese,) Many (English.)—Yaou Yo, “To will, desire,” (Chinese,) Aeō (Greek,) Aveo (Lat.)—Meen, “To dispose,” (Chinese,) M.n.e (Hebrew.)—Mien, “The Face,” (Chinese,) Mine (French,) Mien (English.)—Pew, “Spotted Tiger,” (Chinese,) Pie [Colour] (English,) Pei, “To receive,” (Chinese,) Piai, “To possess,” (Welsh.)—Pin, “Poor,” Penuria (Latin.)—Sae, “To agitate,” (Chinese,) Sway (English.)—Saou, “A Brush,” (Chinese,) Shoue, “To rub,” (Hebrew.)—Scun, “To inspect,” (Chinese,) Sehen (German.)—Sha, “To [pg 154] kill,” (Chinese,) Sha.e (Hebrew.)—Shen, “Good, Pious,” (Chinese,) Sanctus (Latin,) Shin, “A Spirit, God,” (Chinese.)—Shing, “To ascend,” (Chinese,) Scan-deo (Latin.)—Shwa, “To sport, Play,” (Chinese,) Sho sho (Hebrew,) Soo, “To number,” (Chinese,) Shou e (Hebrew.)—Sung, “To present to,” (Chinese,) Schenk-en (German.)—Sing, “A Star,” (Chinese,) Schein-en, “To shine,” (German,) Sun (English.)—Yun, “Fog, Cloud,” Ying, “Shadow,” Wan, “Evening,” (Chinese,) On.n, “A Cloud, To cloud over,” (Hebrew.)—Wang, “To hope.” (Chinese,) Chwannawg, “Desirous,” (Welsh.)—We, “Taste,” (Chinese,) Chwae-th (Welsh.)