Dunkirk56·67lat. Cent.0above sea0·7419076mètres.
Paris54·26“65“0·7418870“
“ by Borda54·26“0“0·7416274“
Bordeau49·82“0“0·7412615“
Formentera42·96“196“0·7412061“

Borda also determined the length of the seconds pendulum at Paris, in vacuo:

First result440·5595lignes= 0·9938267mètre.
Second result““= 0·9938460“
As given by Ganot““= 0·9935“

In 1812 the système usuelle was established, of which the unit was one third of the mètre, with the old name of pied, and duodecimally divided into pouces and lignes.

This system continued in use till 1840, when it was abolished by law, and the names of pied, pouce, and ligne forbidden under penalties. So the mètre, decimally divided, remains the only legal measure of length in France.

COMPARISONS OF UNITED STATES AND ENGLISH STANDARDS.

In 1832, under resolution of Congress, Mr. Hassler compared the different standard yards in America, with the following results, using the yard between the twenty-seventh and sixty-third inches on the scale made of bronze by Troughton, of London, for the United States Coast Survey, as the reference, that being identical with Sir George Schuckburg’s standard:

Troughton Scale, mid. yard36·0000000inches.
“ “ between platinum points35·9989758“
Jones yard in State Department35·9990285“
Iron yard in Engineer Department35·9987760“
Brass yard, Albany, Sec. of State36·0002465“
Gilbert yard, University of Virginia35·9952318“

In 1856 the Troughton standard bronze scale was compared with the bronze standard yard No. 11, which was sent over by Airy as a copy of the English imperial standard, as restored after destruction of the original standard by fire in 1834, and the United States standard was found to be longer by 0·00085 inch.

Later comparisons by J. E. Hilgard, of the Coast Survey, of the bronze standard No. 11 with the imperial standard yard, at the British Standards Office, gave No. 11 as 0·000088 shorter than the imperial standard.