[*] 1. Ovary inferior; stamens borne upon the corolla, alternate with its lobes.
[+] Stamens distinct; leaves opposite or whorled; seed albuminous except in Valerianaceæ.
51. [Caprifoliaceæ] ([p. 216]). Corolla mostly 5-lobed, regular or irregular, the stamens as many (one fewer in Linnæa, doubled in Adoxa). Ovary 1–several-celled; fruit a berry, drupe, or pod, 1–several-seeded. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, rarely stipular, not turning black in drying.
52. [Rubiaceæ] ([p. 222]). Flowers regular, 4–5-merous, the corolla mostly valvate. Ovary 2–4-celled. Herbs or shrubs; leaves simple, entire, opposite with stipules, or verticillate, usually turning black in drying.
53. [Valerianaceæ] ([p. 228]). Stamens (1–4) fewer than the lobes of the somewhat irregular corolla. Ovary with two abortive or empty cells and one containing a suspended ovule. Fruit dry and indehiscent. Herbs.
54. [Dipsaceæ] ([p. 229]). Flowers mostly 4-merous and with 4 (rarely 2) stamens, involucellate in involucrate heads; corolla-lobes imbricate. Ovary simple, 1-celled, with a suspended ovule. Herbs.
[+][+] Anthers connate into a tube.
55. [Compositæ] ([p. 230]). Stamens as many as the valvate corolla-lobes. Ovary with a solitary erect ovule, becoming an achene. Albumen none. Calyx-limb reduced to a pappus or none. Flowers in involucrate heads.
[*] 2. Ovary inferior (or superior in most Ericaceæ and in Diapensiaceæ); stamens free from the corolla or nearly so (adnate in some Diapensiaceæ), as many as the lobes and alternate with them, or twice as many; leaves alternate (opposite in some Ericaceæ); style 1.
[+] Juice milky; capsule 2–5-celled, many-seeded; herbs.