S. dídyma, Pers. Leaves 1–2-pinnately parted; pods notched at the apex, rough-wrinkled.—Waste places, at ports, E. Mass. to Va., etc.; an immigrant from farther south.
S. Coronòpus, DC. Leaves less divided, with narrower lobes; pods not notched at the apex, tubercled.—At ports, R. I. to Va., etc. (Adv. from Eu.)
22. CAKÌLE, Tourn. Sea-Rocket.
Pod short, 2-jointed across, fleshy, the upper joint separating at maturity; each indehiscent, 1-celled and 1-seeded, or the lower sometimes seedless. Seed erect in the upper, suspended in the lower joint. Cotyledons obliquely accumbent.—Seaside fleshy annuals. Flowers purplish. (An old Arabic name.)
1. C. Americàna, Nutt. (American Sea-Rocket.) Leaves obovate, sinuate and toothed; lower joint of the fruit obovoid, emarginate; the upper ovate, flattish at the apex.—Coast of the Northern States and of the Great Lakes. July–Sept.—Joints nearly even and fleshy when fresh; the upper one 4-angled and appearing more beaked when dry.
23. RÁPHANUS, Tourn. Radish.
Pods linear or oblong, tapering upward, indehiscent, several-seeded, continuous and spongy within between the seeds, or necklace-form by constriction between the seeds, with no proper partition. Style long. Seeds spherical and cotyledons conduplicate, as in Brassica.—Annuals or biennials. (The ancient Greek name from ῥαι, quickly, and φαίνω, to appear, alluding to the rapid germination.)
R. Raphanístrum, L. (Wild Radish. Jointed Charlock.) Pods necklace-form, long-beaked; leaves lyre-shaped, rough; petals yellow, turning whitish or purplish, veiny.—A troublesome weed in fields, E. New Eng. to Penn. (Adv. from Eu.)
Order 11. CAPPARIDÀCEÆ. (Caper Family.)
Herbs (when in northern regions), with cruciform flowers, but 6 or more not tetradynamous stamens, a 1-celled pod with 2 parietal placentæ, and kidney-shaped seeds.—Pod as in Cruciferæ, but with no partition; seeds similar, but the embryo coiled rather than folded. Leaves alternate, mostly palmately compound.—Often with the acrid or pungent qualities of Cruciferæ (as in capers, the flower-buds of Cápparis spinòsa).