3. R. blánda, Ait. Stems 1–3° high, wholly unarmed (occasionally with a few or very rarely numerous prickles); stipules dilated, naked and entire, or slightly glandular-toothed; leaflets 5–7, usually oblong-lanceolate, cuneate at base and petiolulate, simply serrate, not resinous; flowers usually large, corymbose or solitary; sepals hispid, entire.—On rocks and rocky shores, Newf. to N. Eng., central N. Y., Ill. (La Salle Co.), and the region of the Great Lakes.
4. R. Sàyi, Schwein. Stems usually low (1–2° high), very prickly; stipules usually dilated, glandular-ciliate and resinous; leaflets 3–7, broadly elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, sessile and obtuse or subcordate at base, resinous-puberulent and teeth serrulate; flowers large, solitary (very rarely 2 or 3); outer sepals usually with 1 or 2 narrow lateral lobes, not hispid.—N. Mich. and Wisc. to Minn. and Col.
5. R. Arkansàna, Porter. Stems low, very prickly; stipules narrow, more or less glandular-toothed above (or even glandular-ciliate); leaflets 7–11, broadly elliptical to oblong-oblanceolate, subcuneate at base, sessile or petiolulate, simply toothed, not resinous; flowers corymbose; sepals rarely hispid, the outer lobed.—Minn. to Mo. and W. Tex., west to Col.
[+][+][+] Fruit globose; infrastipular spines present.
6. R. Woòdsii, Lindl. Stems usually low (¼–3° high), with slender straight or recurved spines, sometimes with scattered prickles, or wholly unarmed above; leaflets 5–7, obovate to oblong or lanceolate, more or less toothed; flowers corymbose or solitary; sepals naked or hispid, the outer usually lobed; fruit globose with a short neck.—Minn. to Mo., west to Col.
[*][*][*] Styles distinct; sepals spreading after flowering and deciduous; infrastipular spines usually present, often with scattered prickles; sepals, globose receptacle, and pedicel usually hispid; teeth simple; pubescence not resinous.
[+] Leaflets mostly finely many-toothed.
7. R. Carolìna, L. Stems usually tall (1–7° high), with stout straight or usually more or less curved spines; stipules long and very narrow; leaflets dull green, 5–9 (usually 7), usually narrowly oblong and acute at each end and petiolulate, but often broader, usually pubescent beneath.—Borders of swamps and streams, N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn. and Miss.
[+][+] Leaflets coarsely toothed.
8. R. lùcida, Ehrh. Stems often tall and stout (a few inches to 6° high), with at length stout and usually more or less hooked spines; stipules usually naked, more or less dilated; leaflets (mostly 7) dark green, rather thick, smooth and often shining above; flowers corymbose or solitary; outer sepals frequently with 1 or 2 small lobes.—Margins of swamps or moist places, Newf. to N. Eng., N. Y., and E. Penn.