4. E. coloràtum, Muhl. Somewhat hoary-pubescent above or glandular, 1–3° high; leaves lanceolate, sharply serrulate or denticulate, acute, narrowed to conspicuous petioles; flowers pale, more or less nodding; peduncles shorter than the leaves; seeds dark, unappendaged; coma cinnamon-color.—Wet places, common.
5. E. adenocaùlon, Haussk. Differs in its more glandular pubescence above, the often blunter and less toothed leaves abruptly contracted to shorter petioles, flowers erect, paler seeds with a slight prolongation at top, and a merely dingy coma.—Wet places through the Northern States.
6. E. glandulòsum, Lehm. Subsimple; pubescence above not glandular; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mostly abruptly rounded to a sessile base and more glandular-toothed; seeds larger.—Canada to the mountains of N. C. (fide Haussknecht). (Asia.)
[+][+] Mostly low, slender and simple (except forms of n. 10); leaves chiefly opposite, less toothed; flowers few, nodding; seeds appendaged at the apex.
[++] Seeds areolate but not papillose; leaves not revolute.
7. E. anagallidifòlium, Lam. Glabrate, a span high or less; leaves erect or ascending, about equalling the internodes, elliptical-oblong to narrowly obovate, entire or the upper denticulate, tapering to short petioles; flowers purple; sepals rather obtuse; capsules glabrous on peduncles exceeding the leaves.—White Mts. and Adirondacks (fide Haussknecht). (Eu.)
8. E. lactiflòrum, Haussk. Glabrous except the pubescent lines, 6–12´ high, with elongated internodes; leaves elliptical or the lowest round-obovate, slightly repand-denticulate, obtuse, tapering into mostly elongated petioles; flowers smaller, white; sepals more acute; seeds more prominently appendaged.—White Mts., and northward (fide Haussknecht). (Eu.)
[++][++] Seeds papillose-roughened.
9. E. Hornemánni, Reichenb. Glabrate, 8–18´ high; leaves mostly horizontal, ovate, the upper acutish, remotely denticulate, abruptly contracted to winged petioles, not revolute; seeds often only slightly roughened, short and shortly appendaged. (E. alpinum, Man.)—White Mts., dells of the Wisconsin River (Lapham), and northward. (Eu.)
10. E. palústre, L. Slender, 1° high or less, often branched, finely pubescent; leaves erect or ascending, about equalling or longer than the internodes, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins; capsules pubescent to nearly glabrous, mostly shorter than the slender peduncles; seeds fusiform, with long beak. (E. palustre, var. lineare, Man., in part.)—Penn. to Minn. and the White Mts., north and westward. (Eu.)