Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oblong, glabrous, with prominent ribs and solitary oil-tubes.—Stout glabrous aromatic herb, with leaves dissected into numerous filiform segments, no involucre nor involucels, and large umbels of yellow flowers. (The Latin name, from fœnum, hay.)
F. officinàle, All., the cultivated fennel from Europe, has become naturalized along the shores of Md. and Va., and is a common escape.
17. PIMPINÉLLA, L.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oblong to ovate, glabrous, with slender equal ribs, numerous oil-tubes, and depressed or cushion-like stylopodium.—Glabrous perennials, with ternately or pinnately compound leaves, involucre and involucels scanty or none, and white or yellow flowers. (Name said to be formed from bipinnula, referring to the bipinnate leaves.)
1. P. integérrima, Benth. & Hook. Glaucous, 1–3° high, slender, branching; leaves 2–3-ternate, with lanceolate to ovate entire leaflets; flowers yellow; fruit broadly oblong, 2´´ long; stylopodium small or wanting. (Zizia integerrima, DC.)—Rocky hillsides, Atlantic States to Minn., E. Kan., and Ark. May.
P. Saxífraga, L., var. màjor, Koch. Leaves simply pinnate, with sharply toothed leaflets; flowers white; fruit oblong, 1´´ long; stylopodium cushion-like.—Rocky shores of Delaware River; Sycamore, Ohio. (Nat. from Eu.)
18. EÙLOPHUS, Nutt.
Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit ovate or oblong, glabrous, with equal filiform ribs; oil-tubes 1–5 in the intervals; stylopodium conical, with long recurved styles; seed-face broadly concave, with a central longitudinal ridge.—Glabrous perennials (3–5° high) from deep-seated fascicled tubers, with pinnately or ternately compound leaves, involucels of numerous narrowly lanceolate acuminate bractlets, and long-peduncled umbels of white flowers. (Name from εὖ, well, and λόφος, a crest,—not well applied to a plant with no crest at all.)
1. E. Americànus, Nutt. Radical and lower stem-leaves large, 1–2-pinnately compound, with leaflets cut into short narrow segments; upper stem-leaves ternate, with narrowly linear elongated leaflets; fruit 2–3´´ long.—Ohio to Ill. and Mo., south to Tenn. and Ark. July.
19. ANTHRÍSCUS, Hoffm. Chervil.