[+][+] Fertile cell as broad as the empty ones, beaked; cross-section quadrate.
2. V. radiàta, Dufr. Fruit ovate-tetragonal, downy-pubescent (sometimes glabrous); empty cells as thick as the oblong-ovate fertile one, or thicker, a broad shallow groove between them. (Fedia radiata, Michx.)—Low grounds, Penn. to Minn., Tex., and Fla.
3. V. stenocárpa, Krok. Fruit oblong-tetragonal, commonly glabrous; oblong fertile cell thicker than the linear-oblong approximate empty ones. (Fedia stenocarpa, Engelm.)—W. Mo. and E. Kan. to Tex.
[+][+][+] Fertile cell much the narrowest, dorsally 1-nerved; section roundish.
4. V. Woodsiàna, Walp. Fruit 1´´ long or more; fertile cell ovate, tipped with a tooth; empty ones inflated, with oblong depression (sometimes an open cavity) in the middle.—Moist grounds, N. Y. and Penn. to Tex.
Var. umbilicàta, Gray. Empty cells becoming confluent, vesicular by incurvation of the circular margin, forming a deep and round umbilication. (Fedia umbilicata, Sulliv.)—N. Y. to Ohio and southward.
Var. patellària, Gray. Fruit saucer-shaped, emarginate at base and apex, winged by the divergent cells. (Fedia patellaria, Sulliv.)—Same range.
Order 54. DIPSÀCEÆ. (Teasel Family.)
Herbs, with opposite or whorled leaves, no stipules, and the flowers in dense heads, surrounded by an involucre, as in the Composite Family; but the stamens are distinct, and the suspended seed has albumen.—Represented by the following introduced species and by the cultivated Sweet Scabious (Scabiosa atropurpurea).
1. DÍPSACUS, Tourn. Teasel.