The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States / Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee

by Asa Gray

79. Cnicus. Pappus bristles plumose. Receptacle densely bristly.

80. Carduus. Pappus-bristles not plumose. Receptacle densely bristly.

81. Onopordon. Pappus-bristles not plumose. Receptacle deeply honeycombed.

[*][*] Achenes attached obliquely. Marginal flowers often enlarged and ray-like.

82. Centaurea. Involucral scales appendaged. Pappus double and bristly, or very short or none.

Series II. LIGULIFLORÆ.

Tribe X. CICHORIACEÆ.

Corolla ligulate in all the flowers of the head, and all the flowers perfect.—Herbs, with milky juice. Leaves alternate.

[*] Pappus none.

83. Lampsana. Involucre cylindrical, of 8 scales in a single row, 8–12-flowered.