1. C. graminifòlia, Nutt. Silvery-silky, with long close-pressed hairs; stem slender, often with runners from the base, naked above, bearing few heads; leaves lanceolate or linear, elongated, grass-like, nerved, shining, entire.—Dry sandy soil, Del. to Va., and southward. July–Oct.
2. C. falcàta, Ell. Stems (4–10´ high) very woolly; leaves crowded, linear, rigid, about 3-nerved, entire, somewhat recurved or scythe-shaped, hairy, or smooth when old, sessile; heads (small) corymbed.—Dry sandy soil on the coast, pine barrens of N. J. to Nantucket and Cape Cod, Mass. Aug.
[*][*] Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or slightly serrate, mostly sessile, veined, not nerved; achenes obovate, flattened.
3. C. gossýpina, Nutt. Densely woolly all over; leaves spatulate or oblong, obtuse (1–2´ long); heads larger than in the next.—Pine barrens, Va., and southward. Aug.–Oct.
4. C. Mariàna, Nutt. Silky with long and weak hairs, or when old smoothish; leaves oblong; heads corymbed, on glandular peduncles.—Dry barrens, from S. New York and Penn., southward, near the coast. Aug.–Oct.
5. C. villòsa, Nutt. Hirsute and villous-pubescent; stem corymbosely branched, the branches terminated by single short-peduncled heads; leaves narrowly oblong, hoary with rough pubescence (as also the involucre), bristly-ciliate toward the base.—Dry plains and prairies, Wisc. to Ky., and westward. July–Sept. Very variable.—Var. híspida, Gray. Low, hirsute and hispid, not canescent; heads small. Kan., west and southward.—Var. canéscens, Gray. Wholly canescent with short appressed pubescence; leaves narrow, mostly oblanceolate.—Kan. to Tex.
6. C. pilòsa, Nutt. Annual, soft-hirsute or villous; leaves oblong-lanceolate; involucre viscid; outer pappus chaffy and conspicuous—Kan. and southward.
15. APLOPÁPPUS, Cass.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays many, pistillate. Involucre hemispherical, of many closely imbricated scales in several series. Receptacle flat. Achenes short, turbinate to linear; pappus simple, of numerous unequal bristles.—Mostly herbaceous perennials, with alternate rigid leaves. Ray- and disk-flowers yellow. (From ἁπλόος, simple, and πάππος, pappus.)
1. A. ciliàtus, DC. Annual or biennial, glabrous, 2–5° high, leafy; leaves oval (or lower obovate), obtuse, dentate with bristle-pointed teeth; heads very large, few and clustered, the outer scales spreading; achenes glabrous, the central abortive.—Mo., Kan., and southward.