Pappus double 46–48
Scales closely imbricated, not green-tipped, often scarious-edged 49–52
Scales closely imbricated, scarcely at all herbaceous; leaves cordate, serrate 2, 3
Scales nearly equal, rigid, more or less foliaceous; pappus-bristles rigid, some thickened at top 1
Scales with herbaceous tips or the outer wholly foliaceous. Aster proper.
Pappus rigid; stem-leaves sessile, none cordate or clasping; heads few, large 4–8
Leaves silvery-silky both sides, sessile, entire 14, 15
Lower leaves more or less cordate, petiolate 17–24
Leaves entire, lower not cordate, cauline sessile with cordate-clasping base 16
Involucre (and branchlets) viscid or glandular; leaves not cordate, mostly entire, the cauline all sessile or clasping 9–13