43. A. tardiflòrus, L. Glabrous or stem somewhat pubescent (not hispid), 1–2° high; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, mostly with gradually narrowed and somewhat auricled base; heads often few, corymbose, 4–5´´ high; scales subequal, the outer foliaceous; rays pale violet.—Lab. to the Mass. coast and White Mts. Not late-flowering.
44. A. prenanthoìdes, Muhl. Stem 1–3° high, corymbose-panicled, hairy above in lines; leaves rough above, smooth underneath, ovate-lanceolate, sharply cut-toothed in the middle, conspicuously taper-pointed, and rather abruptly narrowed to a long contracted entire portion, which is abruptly dilated into a conspicuously auricled base; heads mostly 4´´ high, on short divergent peduncles; scales narrowly linear, tips recurved spreading; rays light blue.—Borders of streams and rich woods, W. New Eng. to Penn., Iowa, and Wisc.
45. A. puníceus, L. Stem tall and stout 3–7° high, rough-hairy all over or in lines, usually purple below, panicled above; leaves oblong-lanceolate, not narrowed or but slightly so to the auricled base, coarsely serrate to sparingly denticulate in the middle, rough above, nearly smooth beneath, pointed; heads 4–6´´ high, subsessile; scales narrowly linear, acute, loose, equal, in about 2 rows; rays long and showy (lilac-blue, paler in shade).—Low thickets and swamps, very common.—Var. lævicaùlis, Gray; stem mostly green, smooth and naked below, sparsely hirsute above, 1–3° high; leaves serrate.—Var. lucídulus, Gray; the very leafy stems glabrous or sparingly hispidulous; leaves lanceolate, entire or slightly denticulate, glabrous and somewhat shining; heads usually numerous, the scales less loose and less attenuate.
§ 4. DŒLLINGÈRIA. Pappus manifestly double, the inner of long capillary bristles (some thickened at top), the outer of very short and rigid bristles; scales short, without herbaceous tips; heads small, corymbose or solitary; rays rather few, white; leaves not rigid, veiny.
46. A. umbellàtus, Mill. Smooth, leafy to the top (2–7° high); leaves lanceolate, elongated, taper-pointed and tapering at the base (3–6´ long); heads very numerous in compound flat corymbs; involucral scales rather close, obtusish, scarcely longer than the achenes. (Diplopappus umbellatus, Torr. & Gray.)—Moist thickets; common, especially northward. Aug.—Var. pùbens, Gray; the lower surface of the leaves and the branchlets tomentulose. Upper Mich. to Minn.—Var. latifòlius, Gray; with shorter leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, less narrowed or even rounded at base. (D. amygdalinus, Torr. & Gray.) Pine barrens, etc., N. J., Penn., and southward.
47. A. infírmus, Michx. Stem slender, often flexuous, 1–3° high, less leafy, bearing few or several heads on divergent peduncles; leaves obovate to ovate or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base and ciliate, the midrib hairy beneath; scales more imbricated, thicker and more obtuse; pappus more rigid. (D. cornifolius, Darl.)—Open woodlands, E. Mass. to Tenn., and southward.
§ 5. IÁNTHE. Pappus less distinctly double, the inner of bristles not thickened at top, the outer shorter; scales well imbricated, appressed, without herbaceous tips; rays violet; achenes narrow, villous; leaves numerous, rigid, small, linear, 1-nerved and veinless.
48. A. linariifòlius, L. Stems 3–20´ high, several from a woody root; heads solitary or terminating simple branches, rather large; leaves about 1´ long, rough-margined, passing above into the rigid acutish scales. (D. linariifolius, Hook.)—Dry soil, common. Sept., Oct. Ray rarely white.
§ 6. ORTHÓMERIS. Pappus simple; scales imbricated, appressed, without herbaceous tips, often scarious-edged or dry. Perennial, as all the preceding.
49. A. ptarmicoìdes, Torr. & Gray. Smooth or roughish; stems clustered (6–20´ high), simple; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, rigid, entire, tapering to the base, 1–3-nerved, with rough margins (2–4´ long); heads small, in a flat corymb; scales imbricated in 3 or 4 rows, short; rays white (2–4´´ long).—Dry rocks, W. New Eng. to Minn., along the Great Lakes, and northward. Aug.—Var. lutéscens, Gray; rays small, pale yellow.—N. Ill. to Sask.