1. L. pinnàta, Torr. & Gray. Hoary with minute appressed hairs, slender (4° high), branching; leaflets 3–7, lanceolate, acute; disk oblong, much shorter than the large and drooping light-yellow rays (which are 2´ long).—Dry soil, western N. Y. to Minn., and southward. July.—The receptacle exhales a pleasant anisate odor when bruised. Achenes slightly margined on the inner edge, obscurely 2-toothed at the top.
2. L. columnàris, Torr. & Gray. Branching from the base, 1–2° high; leaflets 5–9, oblong to narrowly linear, entire or 2–3-cleft; disk columnar, often 1´ long or more; ray as long or shorter, yellow or (var. pulchérrima, Torr. & Gray) in part or wholly brown-purple.—Minn. to Tex.
51. BORRÍCHIA, Adans. Sea Ox-eye.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays fertile. Scales of the hemispherical involucre imbricated. Receptacle flat, covered with lanceolate rigid and persistent chaff. Achenes somewhat wedge-shaped, 3–4-angled; pappus a short 4-toothed crown.—Shrubby low maritime plants, coriaceous or fleshy, with opposite nearly entire leaves, and solitary peduncled terminal heads of yellow flowers; anthers blackish. (Named for Olof Borrich, a Danish botanist.)
1. B. frutéscens, DC. Whitened with a minute silky pubescence (6´–3° high); leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, often toothed near the base; chaff rigidly pointed.—Va. and southward.
52. HELIÁNTHUS, L. Sunflower.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays several or many, neutral. Involucre imbricated, herbaceous or foliaceous. Receptacle flat or convex; the persistent chaff embracing the 4-sided and laterally compressed smooth achenes, which are neither winged nor margined. Pappus very deciduous, of 2 thin chaffy scales on the principal angles, and sometimes 2 or more small intermediate scales.—Coarse and stout herbs, with solitary or corymbed heads, and yellow rays; flowering toward autumn. (Named from ἥλιος, the sun, and ἄνθος, a flower.)
§ 1. Annuals; leaves mostly alternate, petiolate; receptacle flat; disk brownish.
1. H. ánnuus, L. (Common Sunflower.) Tall, rough; leaves triple-ribbed, ovate or the lower cordate, serrate; involucral scales broadly ovate to oblong, long-pointed, ciliate; disk usually 1´ broad or more.—Minn. to Tex., and westward; long cultivated, and occasionally found in waste grounds.
2. H. petiolàris, Nutt. More slender, 1–3° high; leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, smaller (1–3´ long), mostly entire; scales lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, seldom ciliate; disk ½´ broad or more.—Minn. to Tex., and westward.