20. H. tracheliifòlius, Willd. Like the last; leaves thinner and nearly equally green both sides, more sharply serrate, all distinctly petioled; scales all loose and spreading, exceeding the disk, often much elongated.—Copses, Penn. and Ohio to Minn., and southward.
[=][=] Leaves longer-petiolate, thinnish or soft, coarsely serrate, commonly broad; scales loose, hirsute-ciliate.
21. H. decapétalus, L. Stem branching (2–5° high), smooth below; leaves smooth or roughish, ovate, pointed, abruptly contracted into margined petioles; scales lanceolate-linear, elongated, loosely spreading, sometimes foliaceous, the outer longer than the disk; rays about 10.—Copses and low banks of streams; N. Eng. to Minn. and southward, common.
22. H. tuberòsus, L. (Jerusalem Artichoke.) Pubescent or hirsute, 5–10° high; leaves ovate or subcordate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous above, minutely pubescent or cinereous beneath; scales lanceolate, attenuate, little exceeding the disk; rays 12–20. (H. doronicoides, former ed.)—Penn. to Minn., and southward; often cultivated.—Var. subcanéscens, Gray; usually dwarf, the lower side of the leaves whitish with soft fine pubescence. Minn. to Mo.
53. VERBESÌNA, L. Crownbeard.
Heads several–many-flowered; the rays pistillate, or sometimes neutral and sterile, few, or sometimes none. Involucral scales imbricated in 2 or more rows. Receptacle rather convex (conical in n. 3); the chaff concave. Achenes flat (compressed laterally), winged or wingless, 2-awned.—Mostly perennial herbs; the toothed leaves decurrent on the stem. Flowers mostly yellow. ("Name metamorphosed from Verbena.")
[*] Heads narrow, small, cymosely paniculate; rays few, pistillate, usually fertile; involucre erect.
1. V. occidentàlis, Walt. Stem tall, 4-winged; leaves opposite, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, triple-nerved, serrate, pointed at both ends, often pubescent beneath (large and thin); heads in compound corymbs; receptacle flattish; flowers yellow; rays 1–5, lanceolate; achenes wingless. (V. Siegesbeckia, Michx.)—Rich soil, S. Penn. to Ill., and southward. July.
2. V. Virgínica, L. Stem narrowly or interruptedly winged, downy-pubescent, like the lower surface of the ovate-lanceolate feather-veined alternate leaves; heads in compound corymbs; receptacle convex; flowers white; rays 3–4, oval; achenes winged.—Dry soil, Penn.(?) to Ill., and southward. Aug.
[*][*] Heads broader, solitary or few.