3. S. aùreus, L. (Golden Ragwort. Squaw-weed.) Smooth, or floccose-woolly when young (1–3° high); leaves thin, the radical simple and rounded, the larger ones mostly heart-shaped, crenate-toothed, long-petioled; lower stem-leaves lyrate; upper ones lanceolate, cut-pinnatifid, sessile or partly clasping; corymb umbel-like; rays 8–12.—Common everywhere. May, June. Varies greatly.
Var. obovàtus, Torr. & Gray. Root-leaves thicker, round-obovate with a cuneate or truncate base, or the earliest almost sessile in rosulate tufts. (S. Elliottii, Torr. & Gray.)—Open grounds, Can. to Ind. and Ga.
Var. Balsámitæ, Torr. & Gray. Less glabrate; root-leaves oblong, spatulate, or lanceolate, narrowed to the petiole, serrate, the upper lyrate-pinnatifid; heads rather small and numerous.—Common.
4. S. tomentòsus, Michx. (Woolly Ragwort.) Clothed with scarcely deciduous hoary wool (1–2° high); root-leaves oblong, obtuse, crenate or entire, often large, on elongated stout petioles; the upper sessile, similar or lyrate-pinnatifid; corymb flat-topped; rays 12–15.—Del. and mountains of Penn. (Pursh.), to Fla. and Ark. May.
5. S. cànus, Hook. Usually low, persistently tomentose, rarely at all glabrate; leaves much smaller, spatulate to oblong, all entire or some cut-toothed or pinnatifid; achenes glabrous.—N. Minn., Dak., and westward.
6. S. integérrimus, Nutt. Woolly pubescent when young, soon glabrate and green; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, entire or denticulate, the upper bract-like, attenuate from a broad base; heads rather large (6´´ high), with green-tipped scales.—Sask. to Minn., and westward.
7. S. lùgens, Richards. Like the last; leaves usually repand- or callous-denticulate; heads usually smaller, with mostly black-tipped scales.—Subarc. Amer. to New Mex., in the mountains; reported from Minn. and N. Iowa.
[*][*][*] Root perennial; heads large and often solitary.
8. S. Pseùdo-Árnica, Less. Loosely white-woolly, sometimes becoming glabrous; stem stout, 6–12´ high, leafy to the top; leaves oblong, repand, tapering into a narrow petiole-like base; heads 1–4, over an inch in diameter; rays 20 or more, large.—Grand Manan Island, off Maine (Prof. Verrill), to Lab., and northward.
76. CACÀLIA, L. Indian Plantain.