C. benedícta, L. Low branching annual, with clasping scarcely pinnatifid cut leaves, and large sessile leafy-bracted heads; flowers yellow. (Cnicus benedictus, L.)—Roadsides and waste grounds, S. Atlantic States; rare. (Adv. from Eu.)
[*][*] Achenes compressed or 4-angled; pappus very short or none.
C. Cỳanus, L. (Bluebottle.) Scales of the globular involucre fringe-margined; false rays large; pappus very short; leaves linear, entire, or toothed at the base; root annual.—Roadsides, escaped from gardens. July.—Flowers blue, varying to purplish or white. (Adv. from Eu.)
C. nìgra, L. (Knapweed.) Scales of the globular involucre appendaged, and with a black pectinately ciliate fringe; rays wanting; pappus very short; leaves lanceolate, entire, or the lower lyrate-toothed, rough; root perennial.—Waste places, E. New Eng. Aug.—Flowers purple. (Adv. from Eu.)
C. Calcítrapa, L. (Star-Thistle.) Stem diffusely much branched; leaves pinnately lobed or spinulose-toothed; heads sessile, the middle scales of the ovoid involucre spiny; pappus none; flowers purple; root annual.—Seaports, N. Y., and southward. (Adv. from Eu.)
C. Jácea, L. Like the last; heads rather larger, the brownish scale-appendages lacerate; rays conspicuous, palmate.—Charlotte, Vt. (Pringle); near N. Y., etc., on ballast. (Nat. from Eu.)
83. LÁMPSANA, Tourn. Nipple-wort.
Heads 8–12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect, in one row. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong; pappus none.—Slender branching annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled small heads; flowers yellow. (The λαμψάνη of Dioscorides was evidently a wild Mustard.)
L. commùnis, L. Nearly smooth, 1–2° high; lower leaves ovate, sometimes lyre-shaped.—Roadsides, N. Eng. to N. Y. and Penn. (Nat. from Eu.)
84. KRÍGIA, Schreber. Dwarf Dandelion.