Heads many-flowered. Involucre simple, of several erect lanceolate attenuate equal scales. Achenes narrowly fusiform, 5–10-ribbed, long-beaked; pappus of numerous long-plumose bristles.—Stout glabrous biennials or perennials, with entire grass-like clasping leaves and large solitary heads of yellow or purple flowers. (Name from τράγος, goat, and πώγων, beard.)
T. porrifòlius, L. (Salsify. Oyster-plant.) Stem 2–3° high; peduncle thickened and fistulous below the head; flowers purple; achenes and pappus 3´ long.—Sparingly escaped from cultivation. (Nat. from Eu.)
T. praténsis, L. (Goat's-beard.) Very similar; leaves somewhat broader at base; peduncle little thickened; flowers yellow.—Fields, etc., N. Eng. to N. J. and Minn. (Nat. from Eu.)
87. LEÓNTODON, L., Juss. Hawkbit.
Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated, but with several bractlets at the base. Achenes spindle-shaped, striate, all alike; pappus persistent, composed of plumose bristles which are enlarged and flattened toward the base.—Low and stemless perennials, with toothed or pinnatifid root-leaves, and scapes bearing one or more yellow heads. (Name from λέων, a lion, and ὀδούς, a tooth, in allusion to the toothed leaves.)—The following belongs to the subgenus Oporínia, with a tawny pappus of a single row of equal bristles.
L. autumnàlis, L. (Fall Dandelion.) Leaves laciniate-toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat pubescent; scape branched, 5–15´ high; peduncles thickened at the summit, scaly-bracteate.—Meadows and roadsides; N. Eng. to Penn. June–Nov. (Nat. from Eu.)
88. PÍCRIS, L.
Heads many-flowered, terminating leafy stems. Outer scales loose or spreading. Achenes terete, with 5–10 rugose ribs; pappus of 1 or 2 rows of plumose bristles.—Coarse rough-bristly annuals or biennials, with yellow flowers. (The Greek name of some allied bitter herb, from πικρός, bitter.)
P. hieracioìdes, L. Rather tall, corymbosely branched, the bristles somewhat barbed at tip; leaves lanceolate or broader, clasping, irregularly toothed; achenes oblong, with little or no beak.—Sparingly introduced. (Nat. from Eu.)
89. HIERÀCIUM, Tourn. Hawkweed.