7. L. Floridàna, Gaertn. Leaves all lyrate or runcinate, the upper often with a heart-shaped clasping base; panicle larger; achenes distinctly beaked; otherwise as n. 7.—Rich soil, Penn. to Ill., and southward.
8. L. leucophæ̀a, Gray. Nearly smooth biennial; stem tall (3–12° high), very leafy; leaves irregularly pinnatifid, sometimes runcinate, coarsely toothed, the upper cauline sessile and auriculate, sometimes clasping; heads in a large and dense compound panicle; flowers bluish to cream-color; achene short-beaked; pappus tawny. (Mulgedium, DC.)—Low grounds; rather common.—Var. integrifòlia, Gray. Leaves undivided, or the lower sinuate-pinnatifid. Ohio to Ill.
98. SÓNCHUS, L. Sow-Thistle.
Heads many-flowered, becoming tumid at base. Involucre more or less imbricated. Achenes obcompressed, ribbed or striate, not beaked; pappus copious, of very white exceedingly soft and fine bristles mainly falling together.—Leafy-stemmed coarse weeds, chiefly smooth and glaucous, with corymbed or umbellate heads of yellow flowers; produced in summer and autumn. (The ancient Greek name.)
[*] Annual (1–5° high); flowers pale yellow.
S. oleràceus, L. (Common Sow-Thistle.) Stem-leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely undivided, slightly toothed with soft spiny teeth, clasping by a heart-shaped base, the auricles acute; involucre downy when young; achenes striate, also wrinkled transversely.—Waste places in manured soil and around dwellings. (Nat. from Eu.)
S. ásper, Vill. (Spiny-leaved S.) Stem leaves less divided and more spiny-toothed, the auricles of the clasping base rounded; achenes margined, 3-nerved on each side, smooth.—With and like the last. (Nat. from Eu.)
[*][*] Perennial, with creeping rootstocks; flowers bright yellow, in large heads.
S. arvénsis, L. (Field S.) Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, spiny-toothed, clasping by a heart-shaped base; peduncles and involucre bristly; achenes transversely wrinkled on the ribs.—Roadsides, etc., N. Eng. and N. Y.; becoming more common. (Nat. from Eu.)
Order 56. LOBELIÀCEÆ. (Lobelia Family.)