Calyx of 5 distinct rigid ovate and acute sepals, imbricated in the bud, and with a pair of similar bractlets. Corolla cylindrical-oblong, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anther-cells tapering into a tubular beak, and opening by a pore at the apex, awnless. Capsule depressed, 5-celled, many-seeded, the pericarp of 2 layers, the outer 5-valved, the cartilaginous inner layer at length 10-valved. Seeds flattened, wingless.—Low and much branched shrubs, with nearly evergreen and coriaceous leaves, which are scurfy, especially underneath. Flowers white, in the axils of the upper small leaves, forming small 1-sided leafy racemes. (Cassandra, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba.)
1. C. calyculàta, Don. Leaves oblong, obtuse, flat.—Bogs, Newf. to Minn., and south to Ga.
11. CASSÌOPE, Don.
Calyx without bractlets, of 4 or 5 nearly distinct ovate sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla broadly campanulate, deeply 4–5-cleft. Stamens 8 or 10; anthers fixed by the apex; the ovoid cells each opening by a large terminal pore, and bearing a long recurved awn behind. Capsule ovoid or globular, 4–5-celled, 4–5-valved, the valves 2-cleft; placentæ many-seeded, pendulous from the summit of the columella. Seeds smooth and wingless.—Small, arctic or alpine evergreen plants, resembling Club-Mosses or Heaths. Flowers solitary, nodding on slender erect peduncles, white or rose-color. (Cassiope was the mother of Andromeda.)
1. C. hypnoìdes, Don. Tufted and procumbent, moss-like (1–4´ high); leaves needle-shaped, imbricated; corolla 5-cleft; style short and conical.—Alpine summits of N. New Eng. and N. Y., and high northward.
12. CALLÙNA, Salisb. Heather. Ling.
Calyx of 4 colored sepals. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted, much shorter and less conspicuous than the calyx, both becoming scarious and persistent. Stamens 8, distinct; anthers with a pair of deflexed appendages on the back, the cells opening each by a long chink. Capsule 4-celled, septicidally 4-valved.—Evergreen undershrub, with no scaly buds, opposite and minute leaves (mostly extended at base into 2 sharp auricles), crowded and imbricated on the branches. Flowers axillary, or terminating very short shoots and crowded on the branches, forming close mostly one-sided spikes or spike-like racemes, rose-colored or sometimes white, small, bracted by 2 or 3 pairs of leaves, the innermost of which are more or less scarious. (Named from καλλύνω, to brush or sweep, brooms being made of its twigs.)
1. C. vulgàris, Salisb. Low grounds, Mass., at Tewksbury and W. Andover; Maine, at Cape Elizabeth; also N. Scotia, C. Breton, Newf., etc. Probably only introduced.
Two European heaths, Erìca cinèrea and E. Tétralix, have been found in small patches on Nantucket Island.
13. BRYÁNTHUS, Steller.