8. A. Sullivántii, Engelm. Very smooth throughout, tall; leaves ovate-oblong with a somewhat heart-shaped base, nearly sessile; hoods obovate, entire, obtusely 2-eared at the base outside; flowers larger (9´´ long) and more purple than in the last; anther-wings 2-toothed at base; pod nearly glabrous, obscurely spiny chiefly on the beak.—Low grounds, Ohio to Kan. and Minn.
[+][+] Follicles wholly unarmed, either glabrous or tomentulose-pubescent.
[++] Erect or ascending on the deflexed or decurved fruiting pedicels.
[=] Umbel solitary, on a naked terminal peduncle; leaves sessile, broad, transversely veined, wavy; glabrous and pale or glaucous.
9. A. Obtusifòlia, Michx. Stem 2–3° high; leaves oblong with a heart-shaped clasping base, very obtuse or retuse (2½–5´ long); peduncle 3–12´ long; corolla pale greenish purple; hoods truncate, somewhat toothed at the summit, shorter than the slender awl-pointed horn.—Sandy woods and fields, not rare, especially southward. A second umbel at the base of the peduncle occasionally occurs.
10. A. Meádii, Torr. Stem slender (1–2° high); leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutish (1½–2½´ long), peduncle only twice the length of the upper leaves, pedicels rather short, corolla greenish-white; hoods rounded-truncate at summit, and with a sharp tooth at each margin, somewhat exceeding the stouter horn.—Dry ground, Ill. and Iowa. June.
[=][=] Umbels mostly more than one; peduncle not overtopping the leaves.
a. Leaves large, orbicular to oblong-lanceolate; hoods broad, little if at all exceeding the anthers; glabrous or some minute pubescence on young parts.
11. A. Jamèsii, Torr. Stem stout (1° high or more); leaves about 5 pairs, approximate, remarkably thick, rounded or broadly oval, often emarginate, subcordate at base, nearly sessile; umbels 2–3, densely many-flowered, on short peduncles, corolla-lobes ovate, greenish; hoods truncate, entire.—Plains of central Kansas and southwestward.
12. A. phytolaccoìdes, Pursh. (Poke-milkweed.) Stem 3–5° high; leaves broadly ovate, or the upper oval-lanceolate and pointed at both ends, short-petioled, smooth or slightly downy underneath (5–8´ long); lateral umbels several, pedicels loose and nodding, numerous, long and slender (1–3´ long), equalling the peduncle; corolla-lobes ovate-oblong, greenish; hoods (white) truncate, the margins 2-toothed at the summit, the horn with a long projecting awl-shaped point.—Moist copses, N. Eng. to Minn., south to Ga. and Ark.