4. G. quinqueflòra, Lam. Stem rather slender, branching (1–2° high); leaves ovate-lanceolate from a partly clasping and heart-shaped base, 3–7-nerved, tipped with a minute point; branches racemed or panicled, about 5-flowered at the summit; lobes of the small 5-cleft calyx awl-shaped-linear; corolla pale blue, 6–9´´ long, its lobes triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed, without crown, but the glands at the base of the slender obconical tube manifest; capsule stipitate.—Moist hills, Maine to Ont., Ill., and south along the mountains to Fla.—Var. occidentàlis, Gray. Sometimes 2–3° high, and paniculately much-branched; calyx-lobes more leaf-like, linear-lanceolate, reaching to the middle of the broader funnel-form corolla.—Va. and Ohio to Minn., south to Tenn. and La.
§ 2. PNEUMONÁNTHE. Corolla (funnel-form or salver-form) with thin-membranaceous toothed or lobed plaits in the sinuses; no crown nor glands, capsule stipitate; autumn-flowering perennials, the flowers large, sessile or short pedunculate and bibracteate (except in n. 12).
[*] Anthers unconnected or soon separate; leaves rough-margined; seeds winged.
5. G. affìnis, Griseb. Stems clustered, 1° high or less; leaves oblong or lanceolate to linear; flowers numerous and thyrsoid-racemose or few or rarely almost solitary; calyx-lobes unequal, the longest rarely equalling the tube, the shortest sometimes minute; corolla (blue or bluish) 1´ long or less, rather narrowly funnel-form, with ovate spreading lobes, the plaits with conspicuous laciniate appendages sometimes equalling the lobes.—Minn. to the Pacific.
6. G. pubérula, Michx. Stems (mostly solitary) erect or ascending (8–16´ high), mostly rough and minutely pubescent above; leaves rigid, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate (1–2´ long); flowers clustered, rarely solitary; calyx-lobes lanceolate, much shorter than the bell-funnel-form open bright-blue corolla, the spreading ovate lobes of which are twice or thrice the length of the cut-toothed appendages.—Dry prairies and barrens, western N. Y., Ohio, and Ky., to Minn. and Kan. Oct.
[*][*] Anthers cohering in a ring or short tube; flowers in terminal and often axillary clusters.
[+] Calyx-lobes and bracts ciliolate-scabrous; seeds conspicuously winged; leaves rough-margined.
7. G. Saponària, L. (Soapwort G.) Stem erect or ascending, smooth; leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or lanceolate-obovate, narrowed at the base; calyx-lobes linear or spatulate, acute, equalling or exceeding the tube, half the length of the corolla; lobes of the club-bell-shaped light-blue corolla obtuse, erect or converging, short and broad, but distinct, and more or less longer than the conspicuous 2-cleft and minutely toothed appendages.—Moist woods, N. Y. and N. J. to Minn., south to Fla. and La.
8. G. Andréwsii, Griseb. (Closed G.) Stems upright, smooth; leaves ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate from a narrower base, gradually pointed; calyx-lobes lanceolate to ovate, recurved, shorter than the top-shaped tube, and much shorter than the more oblong and truncate mostly blue corolla, which is closed at the mouth, its proper lobes obliterated, the apparent lobes consisting of the broad fringe-toothed and notched appendages.—Moist ground, N. Eng. to Minn., south to N. Ga. Corolla blue with white plaits, or sometimes all white.
[+][+] Margins of leaves, bracts, etc., smooth and naked; terminal flower-cluster leafy-involucrate; seeds winged.