Leafless parasitic twining plants. [Cuscuta], in [Convolvulaceæ], [370]

Leaves opposite, their bases or petioles connected by stipules or a stipular line. [Loganiaceæ], [345]

Leaves when opposite without stipules.

Stamens free from the corolla or nearly so; style 1. [Ericaceæ], [309]

Stamens almost free from the corolla; style none. [Ilicineæ], [107]

Stamens in the sinuses of the corolla; style 1. [Diapensiaceæ], [326]

Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla,

Four; pod 2-celled, circumscissile. [Plantaginaceæ], [422]

Four; ovary 2–4-celled; ovules solitary. [Verbenaceæ], [401]

Five or rarely more.