G. Tetràhit, L. (Common Hemp-nettle.) Stem swollen below the joints, bristly-hairy; leaves ovate, coarsely serrate; corolla purplish or variegated, about twice the length of the calyx; or, in var. grandiflòra, 3–4 times the length of the calyx, often yellowish with a purple spot on the lower lip.—Waste places, common. Aug., Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)
G. Ládanum, L. (Red H.) Stem smooth or pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, more or less downy; corolla red or rose-color (often spotted with yellow), much exceeding the calyx.—E. New Eng., rare. Aug. (Adv. from Eu.)
35. STÀCHYS, Tourn. Hedge-Nettle.
Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 5–10-nerved, equally 5-toothed, or the upper teeth united to form an upper lip. Corolla not dilated at the throat; upper lip erect or rather spreading, often arched, entire or nearly so; the lower usually longer and spreading, 3-lobed, with the middle lobe largest and nearly entire. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip (often reflexed on the throat after flowering); anthers approximate in pairs. Nutlets obtuse, not truncate.—Whorls 2–many-flowered, approximate in a terminal raceme or spike (whence the name, from στάχυς, a spike). Flowers purple or rose-red, in summer.
[*] Root annual; stems decumbent, low.
S. arvénsis, L. (Woundwort.) Hairy; leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, obtuse, crenate; whorls 4–6-flowered, distant; corolla (purplish) scarcely longer than the unarmed calyx.—Waste places, E. Mass. (Adv. from Eu.)
[*][*] Root perennial; stem erect.
[+] Leaves obscurely or not at all cordate, sessile or short-petioled.
1. S. hyssopifòlia, Michx. Smooth and glabrous, or the nodes hirsute; stems slender (1° high); leaves linear-oblong or narrowly linear, sessile, obscurely toothed toward the apex; whorls 4–6-flowered, rather distant; corolla glabrous, twice or thrice the length of the triangular-awl-shaped spreading calyx-teeth.—Wet sandy places, Mass. to Mich., south to Fla. and Mo.—Var. ambígua, Gray, is stouter (1–2° high), sometimes with scattered retrorse bristles on the angles of the stem, and with broader (3–6´´) serrulate leaves.—Ill. and Ky. to Ga.
2. S. palústris, L. Stem 4-angled (2–3° high), leafy, hirsute with spreading or reflexed hairs, especially on the angles; leaves sessile, or the lower short-petioled, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, crenately serrate, rounded at base, downy or hairy-pubescent, obtusish (2–4´ long), the upper floral ones shorter than the nearly sessile calyx; whorls 6–10-flowered, the upper crowded into an interrupted spike; calyx hispid; the lance-subulate teeth somewhat spiny, half the length of the corolla, diverging in fruit; upper lip of corolla pubescent.—Wet ground, Newf. to Penn., westward across the continent.