Fertile flowers in a short catkin, head, or strobile. [Urticaceæ], [461]

Fertile flowers single or clustered; sterile in slender catkins (except in Fagus).

Leaves pinnate; fertile flowers and fruit naked. [Juglandaceæ], [467]

Leaves simple; fertile flowers 1–3 in an involucre or cup. [Cupuliferæ], [470]

2. Both sterile and fertile flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads.

Ovary and pod 2-celled, many-seeded. [Liquidambar], in [Hamamelideæ], [180]

Ovary and pod 1-celled, many-seeded; seeds furnished with a downy tuft at one end. [Salicaceæ], [480]

Ovary 1–2-celled, only one ovule in each cell; fruit 1-seeded.

Parasitic on trees; fruit a berry. [Loranthaceæ], [449]

Trees or shrubs, not parasitic.