14. E. heterophýlla, L. Erect (1–3° high), glabrous; leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-fiddle-shaped and sinuate-toothed, or lanceolate or linear and entire, often only those of the branches linear; the upper usually with a red base; involucres about the length of the peduncle, with 5 ovate incised lobes and a single or few and almost sessile glands; seeds nearly globular, tubercled.—Slopes and rocky soil, Minn. to W. Ill., Iowa and Mo.
§ 6. TITHÝMALUS. Involucres in a terminal dichotomous or commonly umbelliform inflorescence, 5- or usually 4-lobed, with as many flat or convex entire or crescent-shaped glands; seeds carunculate (except n. 15); ours ascending or erect, and mostly glabrous, without stipules.
[*] Perennials with entire leaves, all or only the upper opposite; involucres long-peduncled in a dichotomous inflorescence, mostly with 5 transversely oblong glands; seeds without caruncle.
15. E. Ipecacuánhæ, L. Stems many from a very long perpendicular root, erect or diffusely spreading (5–10´ long), forking from near the base; leaves varying from obovate or oblong to narrowly linear, almost sessile, glabrous; peduncles elongated (½–1´ long); pod long-pedicelled, obtusely angled, nearly smooth; seed ovate, white, sparsely marked with impressed dots.—Sandy soil, near the coast; Conn. to Fla.; also barrens of S. Ind.
[*][*] Leaves scattered, only the floral in the umbelliform inflorescence whorled or opposite and of a different shape; glands mostly 4.
[+] Leaves serrulate or rarely entire; glands transversely oval, obtuse.
[++] Seeds smooth and even; pod warty or rough.
16. E. Darlingtònii, Gray. Tall perennial (2–4° high); leaves entire, minutely downy beneath; those of the stem lanceolate-oblong from a narrow base; the floral oval, very obtuse; the upper roundish-dilated with a truncate base; umbel 5–8-rayed, then simply forked; pod minutely warty; large globular seed with a small caruncle.—Copses, N. Y. and Penn., to the mountains of N. C. July–Sept.
17. E. obtusàta, Pursh. Erect annual (1–2° high); leaves oblong-spatulate, minutely serrulate, smooth, all obtuse; upper ones cordate at base; floral ones ovate, dilated, barely mucronate; umbel once or twice divided into 3 rays, then into 2; involucre with naked lobes and small stipitate glands; styles distinct, longer than the ovary, erect, 2-cleft to the middle; pod beset with long warts.—Damp woods, Va. to S. C., west to Iowa and Kan. May–July.
E. platyphýlla, L. Erect annual (8–18´ high); upper stem-leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, cordate at base, minutely serrulate, mostly with scattered hairs beneath; floral ones triangular-ovate, subcordate; umbel 5-rayed; involucre with ciliate lobes and large sessile glands; styles longer than the ovary, united at base, slightly 2-cleft; pod covered with depressed warts.—Along the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes to Mich. June–Aug. (Adv. from Eu.)