12. ARETHÙSA, Gronov.
Flower ringent; the lanceolate sepals and petals nearly alike, united at base, ascending and arching over the column. Lip dilated and recurved-spreading toward the summit; very slightly gibbous at base. Column adherent to the lip below, petal-like, dilated at the apex. Anther lid-like, terminal, of 2 approximate cells; pollen-masses powdery-granular, 2 in each cell.—Beautiful low herbs, consisting of a sheathed scape from a globular solid bulb, terminated usually by a single large rose-purple flower. Leaf solitary, linear, nerved, hidden in the sheaths of the scape, protruding after flowering. (Dedicated to the nymph Arethusa.)
1. A. bulbòsa, L. Flower single (rarely 2), erect (1–2´ long), with an entire lip recurved at the apex and bearded-crested down the face.—Bogs, Newf. to the mountains of N. C., west to Ind. and Minn.
13. CALOPÒGON, R. Br.
Flower with the ovary or stalk not twisting, therefore presenting its lip on the upper or inner side. Sepals and petals nearly alike, lance-ovate, spreading, distinct. Lip spreading, distant from the column, raised on a narrowed base or stalk, dilated at the summit, strongly bearded along the upper side. Column free, slender, winged at the apex. Anther terminal and lid-like, sessile; pollen-masses 4 (two in each cell), of soft powdery grains, lightly connected by delicate threads.—Scape from a small solid bulb, sheathed below by the base of the grass-like leaf, naked above, bearing several large flowers. Bracts minute. (Name composed of καλός, beautiful, and πώγων beard, from the bearded lip.)
1. C. pulchéllus, R. Br. Leaf linear; scape about 1° high, 2–6-flowered; flowers 1´ broad, pink-purple; lip as if hinged at the insertion, beautifully bearded toward the dilated summit with white, yellow, and purple club-shaped hairs.—Bogs, Newf. to Fla., west to Minn. and Mo.
14. POGÒNIA, Juss.
Flower irregular, the sepals and petals separate. Lip crested or 3-lobed. Column free, elongated, club-shaped, wingless. Anther terminal and lid-like, stalked; pollen-masses 2 (one in each cell), powdery-granular. (Πωγωνίας bearded, from the lip of some of the original species.)
§ 1. Sepals and petals nearly equal and alike, pale rose-color, sometimes white.
1. P. ophioglossoìdes, Nutt. Root of thick fibres; stem (6–9´ high) bearing a single oval or lance-oblong leaf near the middle and a smaller one or bract near the terminal flower, rarely one or two others with a flower in the axil; flower 1´ long, sweet-scented; lip spatulate, appressed below to the column, beard-crested and fringed.—Bogs, Newf. to Fla., west to N. Ind. and Minn. June, July. (Japan.)