5. H. bracteàta, R. Br. Stem 6–12´ high; lower leaves obovate, the upper oblong and gradually reduced to lanceolate acute bracts 2–4 times the length of the green flowers; spike 10–30-flowered; lip oblong-linear or slightly spatulate, truncate and 2–3-toothed or lobed at the tip, more than twice the length of the white spur. (H. viridis, var. bracteata, Reichenb.)—Damp woods and meadows, N. Eng. to Minn., Iowa, Ind., south in the mountains to N. C., and far northward.
[+][+] Spur slender, incurved, about equalling the entire lip; lateral sepals spreading.
6. H. hyperbòrea, R. Br. Stem very leafy (6´–2° high); leaves lanceolate, erect; spike dense (2–15´ long); lower bracts lanceolate, longer than the (greenish) flowers; lip and petals lanceolate, somewhat equal, the latter spreading from the base; anther somewhat overhanging the transversely dilated stigma; glands orbicular; stalk of the pollen-masses very slender and weak.—Peat bogs and wet cold woods, N. Eng. to N. Y., S. Ill., Iowa, and northward. June, July. (Eu.)
7. H. dilatàta, Gray. Resembles n. 6, but usually more slender, with narrower commonly linear leaves; flowers white; lip lanceolate from a rhomboidal-dilated base, entire, its base with the bases of the petals and sepals erect-connivent, above spreading; anther-cells almost parallel; glands approximate, large and strap-shaped, vertical, nearly as long as the pollen-mass and its short flat stalk together; stigma narrow; a trowel-shaped conspicuous beak between the bases of the anther-cells.—Cold bogs, Conn. to N. Y., Mich., Minn., and northward.
[*][*] Flowers greenish or white, 5–15 in a loose spike, rather large for the size of the plant; scape or stem naked above, 1-leaved at base (5–9´ high); spur not longer than the lip; anther-cells wholly adnate, arcuate and widely separated.
8. H. obtusàta, Richardson. Leaf obovate or spatulate-oblong; upper sepal very broad and rounded, the others and the petals lance-oblong; lip entire, linear or lanceolate, deflexed (3´´ long), about the length of the tapering and curving spur.—Cold peat bogs, Maine and N. New Eng. (Mt. Wachusett, Mass.), to Minn. and northward. (Eu.)
[*][*][*] Flowers white or greenish, numerous in a loose spike, on a naked scape, 2-leaved at base; spur longer than the narrow entire lip; anther-cells widely diverging, their narrowed beak-like bases projecting forward; stalk of the pollen-mass laterally affixed to the back of the orbicular gland, the viscous face of which looks obliquely inward.
9. H. Hoókeri, Torr. Leaves orbicular, spreading (3–4´ broad); scape mostly naked (½–1° high), bearing 10–20 upright sessile yellowish-green flowers in a strict spike; sepals ovate-lanceolate; lip lanceolate, pointed, incurved, longer than the lance-awl-shaped petals; spur slender, acute, about the length of the ovary (nearly 1´ long).—Damp woods and borders of swamps, N. Scotia to N. J., west to Minn. and Iowa.—Var. oblongifòlia, Paine, has oblong leaves (3–5´ by 1½–2´). N. Y. and Can.
10. H. orbiculàta, Torr. Leaves very large (4–8´ wide), orbicular, spreading flat on the ground, shining above, silvery beneath; scape bracted (1–2° high), bearing many spreading greenish-white flowers in a loose raceme; upper sepal orbicular, the lateral ovate; lip narrowly linear and slightly spatulate, obtuse, drooping, nearly thrice the length of the oblong-lanceolate and falcate obtuse petals; spur curved, slender (about 1½´ long), gradually thickened toward the blunt apex, twice the length of the ovary; anther-cells strongly projecting at the free beak-like base (the glands nearly ¼´ apart).—Rich woods (especially coniferous), Newf. to Penn. and in the mountains to N. C., west to Mich. and Minn.
[*][*][*][*] (Fringed Orchis.) Flowers several or many in an open spike, with mostly foliaceous bracts; stem (rather tall) leafy; spur thread-shaped or scarcely club-shaped, longer than the fringed, cleft, or dissected lip; anther-cells widely separated and usually diverging, their narrow beak-like bases, supported by the arms of the stigma, strongly projecting forward or partly upward.