[*][*] Ovary and fruit 3-lobed or angled, not winged; filaments slender, about equalling the anthers; pedicel erect or inclined; leaves petiolate.
6. T. nivàle, Riddell. (Dwarf White T.) Small (2–4´ high); leaves oval or ovate, obtuse (1–2´ long); petals oblong, obtuse (6–15´´ long), white, scarcely wavy, spreading from an erect base, equalling the peduncle; styles long and slender; fruit depressed globose, with 3 rounded lobes, 3–4´´ long.—Rich woods, W. Penn. and Ky. to Minn. and Iowa.
7. T. erythrocárpum, Michx. (Painted T.) Leaves ovate, taper-pointed; petals ovate or oval-lanceolate, pointed, wavy, widely spreading, white painted with purple stripes at the base, shorter than the peduncle; fruit broad-ovate, obtuse, 7–9´´ long.—Cold damp woods and bogs, N. Brunswick to Ga., west to Wisc. and Mo.
24. HELÒNIAS, L.
Flowers perfect. Perianth of 6 spatulate-oblong purple sepals, persistent, several-nerved, glandless, turning green, shorter than the thread-like filaments. Anthers 2-celled, roundish-oval, blue, extrorse. Styles revolute, stigmatic down the inner side, deciduous. Capsule obcordately 3-lobed, loculicidally 3-valved; the valves divergently 2-lobed. Seeds many in each cell, linear, with a tapering appendage at both ends.—A smooth perennial, with many oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate evergreen flat leaves, from a tuberous rootstock, producing in early spring a stout hollow sparsely bracteate scape (1–2° high), sheathed with broad bracts at the base, and terminated by a simple and short dense raceme. Bracts obsolete; pedicels shorter than the flowers. (Name probably from ἕλος, a swamp, the place of growth.)
1. H. bullàta, L.—Wet places, Penn. and N. J. to Va.; rare and local.
25. CHAMÆLÍRIUM, Willd. Devil's-Bit.
Flowers diœcious. Perianth of 6 spatulate-linear (white) spreading 1-nerved sepals, withering-persistent. Filaments and (white) anthers, as in Helonias; fertile flowers with rudimentary stamens. Styles linear-club-shaped, stigmatic along the inner side. Capsule ovoid-oblong, not lobed, of a thin texture, loculicidally 3-valved from the apex, many-seeded. Seeds linear-oblong, winged at each end.—Smooth herb, with a wand-like stem from a (bitter) thick and abrupt tuberous rootstock, terminated by a long wand-like spiked raceme (4–12´ long) of small bractless flowers; fertile plant more leafy than the staminate. Leaves flat, lanceolate, the lowest spatulate, tapering into a petiole. (Name formed of χαμαί on the ground, and λείριον, lily, the genus having been founded on a dwarf undeveloped specimen.)
1. C. Caroliniànum, Willd. (Blazing-Star.) Stem 1–4° high. (C. luteum, Gray.)—Low grounds, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Neb. and Ark. June.
26. XEROPHÝLLUM, Michx.