23. [Geraniaceæ] ([p. 102]). Flowers regular or irregular, 5-merous or 3-merous as to the stamens and pistils. Ovary 3–5-lobed, the cells 1–few-ovuled, and axis persistent. Disk of 5 glands or none. Herbs, with often lobed or divided mostly alternate leaves, with or without stipules.
24. [Rutaceæ] ([p. 106]). Flowers mostly regular, 3–5-merous, diœcious or polygamous in our genera. Ovary 2–5-lobed or the carpels nearly distinct, upon a glandular disk; cells 2-ovuled. Mostly shrubs or trees, with glandular-punctate compound leaves, without stipules.
[*] 2. Ovules (1 or 2) pendulous, the rhaphe away from the axis; disk none and ovary not lobed.
25. [Ilicineæ] ([p. 107]). Flowers small, diœciously polygamous, axillary, 4–8-merous. Fruit a 4–8-seeded berry-like drupe. Shrubs or trees, with simple alternate leaves and no stipules.
[*] 3. Ovules (1 or 2 in each cell) erect, the rhaphe toward the axis; disk fleshy, covering the base of the calyx; stamens as many as the petals, at the margin of the disk; flowers perfect or polygamo-diœcious; albumen fleshy; shrubs or trees, with simple leaves (compound in some Vitaceæ).
26. [Celastraceæ] ([p. 109]). Sepals and petals imbricated, the stamens alternate with the petals. Fruit 2–5-celled; seeds arilled.
27. [Rhamnaceæ] ([p. 111]). Calyx valvate. Petals small or none. Stamens alternate with the sepals. Fruit 2–5-celled; seeds solitary, not arilled.
28. [Vitaceæ] ([p. 112]). Calyx minute. Stamens opposite the valvate caducous petals. Climbing by tendrils opposite the alternate leaves.
[*] 4. Ovules (1 or 2) ascending or horizontal, or pendulous from a basal funicle; fleshy disk entire or lobed; stamens 5–10; shrubs or trees, with compound leaves (simple in Acer) and mostly polygamo-diœcious and often irregular flowers; petals imbricate (sometimes none in Sapindaceæ).
29. [Sapindaceæ] ([p. 115]). Flowers mostly unsymmetrical or irregular. Ovary 2–3-celled and -lobed.