59. C. glaucodèa, Tuckerm. Lax or somewhat strict (6–18´ high), densely glaucous; leaves flat, variable in width; spikes as in n. 58; perigynium firm, not inflated, prominently impressed-nerved, glaucous, longer than the short-cuspidate or blunt thin and appressed scale. (C. flaccosperma, last ed.)—Meadows and swamps, Mass. to S. Ill., and southward; local.
[*] 5. Spirostàchyæ.—[+] 1. Granulàres.
60. C. granulàris, Muhl. Erect or spreading, 8´–2° high, somewhat glaucous; leaves flat, various; bracts broad and long, much exceeding the culm; spikes 3–4, scattered, all but the upper peduncled, erect or ascending, compact, short-oblong to cylindric, never exceeding 1´ in length; staminate spike small and usually sessile; perigynium ovoid, very strongly nerved, the nearly entire short beak usually bent; scale thin and pointed, about ½ the length of the perigynium.—Moist grassy places; common.—Var. haleàna, Porter. Habitually lower and more slender; radical leaves very broad (3–4´´) and more glaucous; pistillate spikes ½´ long or less, thinner; perigynium a half smaller, narrower. Wisc. to Va.; infrequent.
61. C. Cràwei, Dewey. Low, strict, stoloniferous (4–12´ high); leaves narrow; bracts scarcely exceeding the culm; spikes 2–4, scattered, the lowest radical or nearly so, short-peduncled or the upper sessile, erect, compact, 9´´ long or less; staminate spike generally peduncled; perigynium ovate, usually resinous dotted, obscurely or few-nerved, very short-pointed, longer than the obtuse or short-pointed scale.—Moist places, N. Y. to Ill. and Minn.; local, especially eastward.
[*] 5.—[+] 2. Exténsæ.
C. exténsa, Gooden. Slender but strict, 1–2° high; leaves involute; spikes about 3, the lowest remote and short-peduncled, the remainder approximate and sessile, short (about ½´ long) and compact; perigynium ovate, very strongly nerved, ascending, the short stout beak sharply toothed, longer than the blunt brown-edged scale.—Long Island and Coney Island, N. Y.; Norfolk, Va., McMinn. (Nat. from Eu.)
62. C. flàva, L. Very slender but strict and stiff, 1–2° high, yellowish throughout; leaves flat but narrow, mostly shorter than the culm; staminate spike sessile or nearly so, usually oblique; pistillate spikes 2–4, all contiguous or rarely the lowest one remote, all but the lowest sessile, short-oblong or globular, densely flowered, the lowest subtended by a long divaricate bract; perigynium ovate, produced into a deflexed beak as long as the body, strongly nerved, thrice longer than the blunt scale.—Swales and wet meadows, N. Eng. to L. Superior; rare westward. (Eu.)—Var. gráminis, Bailey. Smaller and green, 6–12´ high; leaves mostly longer than the culm; bracts erect; perigynium straight or nearly so, the beak often rough. Grassy places, probably common and generally distributed.
Var. virídula, Bailey. Small and slender, very strict, green or greenish-white; leaves narrow, equalling or exceeding the culm; bracts long and strictly erect, spikes very small or sometimes becoming cylindric, more closely aggregated; perigynium conspicuously smaller, the beak very short and straight. (C. Œderi, last ed.)—Cold bogs, N. Eng. to Penn., and northwestward; local.
[*] 5.—[+] 3. Pallescéntes.
[++] Perigynium wholly beakless.