[*] 10. Physocéphalæ.
97. C. Fràseri, Andrews. Cespitose; culm 6–15´ high, naked or the lower portion included in loosely sheathing abortive leaves, smooth and stiff; leaves 1´ broad or more, destitute of midrib, very thick and persistent, pale, 1–2° long; spike whitish; perigynium ovoid, faintly nerved, much longer than the scale.—Rich mountain woods, Va. and southward; very local and rare. A most remarkable plant.
§ 2. VÍGNEA.—[*] 11. Acroarrhènæ.—[+] 1. Fœ́tidæ
98. C. chordorhìza, Ehrh. Very extensively stoloniferous; culm mostly erect, 1–1½° long; leaves involute, shorter than the culm; perigynium globular, very strongly nerved, short-pointed and entire, about the length of the acute scale.—Cold bogs and soft lake-borders, Vt. to Iowa, and northward; infrequent. (Eu.)
99. C. stenophýlla, Wahl. Stiff, 3–8´ high; leaves involute and shorter than the culm; perigynium ovate, flat on the inner face, lightly nerved, gradually contracted into a short and entire rough-edged beak, tightly enclosing the achene, at maturity longer than the hyaline acutish scale.—Dry grounds, Thayer Co., Neb. (Bessey); Emmet Co., Iowa (Cratty), and westward. (Eu).
[*] 11.—[+] 2. Vulpìnæ.
[++] Beak shorter than or about as long as the body of the perigynium.
100. C. conjúncta, Boott. Strict but rather weak, 1½–3½° high; culm soft and sharply triangular or nearly wing-angled, becoming perfectly flat when pressed; leaves soft, about 3´´ broad; head 1–3´ long, interrupted, often nearly green, infrequently bearing a few setaceous bracts; perigynium lance-ovate, light colored, whitish and thickened below, the beak lightly notched and roughish, about equalling or a little exceeding the cuspidate scale.—Swales and glades, N. J., Ky., and westward; usually rare.
[++][++] Beak twice the length of the body of the perigynium or longer.
101. C. stipàta, Muhl. Stout, 1–3° high, in clumps; culm rather soft, very sharp; head 1–3´ long, rarely somewhat compound at base, interrupted, the lowest spikes often ½´ long; perigynium lanceolate, brown-nerved, the beak toothed and roughish, about twice the length of the body, and much longer than the scale.—Swales; common and variable.